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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly acting as autonomous agents, but their continuous interaction with the environment can lead to in-context reward hacking (ICRH), a phenomenon where LLMs iteratively optimize their behavior to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Jiayong Wan , Jiawei Chen , Zhaoxia Yin , Liu Shuyuan , Hang Su

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the future of cybersecurity through Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs). We explore LLM applications across various domains, including hardware design security, intrusion detection,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are set to reshape cybersecurity by augmenting red and blue team operations. Red teams can exploit LLMs to plan attacks, craft phishing content, simulate adversaries, and generate exploit code. Conversely, blue…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Alsharif Abuadbba , Chris Hicks , Kristen Moore , Vasilios Mavroudis , Burak Hasircioglu , Diksha Goel , Piers Jennings

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks requiring complex reasoning, yet their application in agentic, multi-step reasoning within interactive environments remains a difficult challenge.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-08-15 Pranav Putta , Edmund Mills , Naman Garg , Sumeet Motwani , Chelsea Finn , Divyansh Garg , Rafael Rafailov

With the emergence of high-performance large language models (LLMs) such as GPT, Claude, and Gemini, the autonomous and semi-autonomous execution of tasks has significantly advanced across various domains. However, in highly specialized…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-24 Masaya Kobayashi , Masane Fuchi , Amar Zanashir , Tomonori Yoneda , Tomohiro Takagi

Human developers can produce code with cybersecurity bugs. Can emerging 'smart' code completion tools help repair those bugs? In this work, we examine the use of large language models (LLMs) for code (such as OpenAI's Codex and AI21's…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-08-16 Hammond Pearce , Benjamin Tan , Baleegh Ahmad , Ramesh Karri , Brendan Dolan-Gavitt

Tool-augmented large language models (LLMs), hereafter LLM agents, leverage external tools to solve diverse tasks and interface with the real world. However, current training practices largely rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) over…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Weihua Du , Hailei Gong , Zhan Ling , Kang Liu , Lingfeng Shen , Xuesong Yao , Yufei Xu , Dingyuan Shi , Yiming Yang , Jiecao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming software creation by enabling zero code development platforms. Our survey reviews recent platforms that let users build applications without writing code, by leveraging LLMs as the brains of the…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Priyaranjan Pattnayak , Hussain Bohra

Incident response (IR) is a critical aspect of cybersecurity, requiring rapid decision-making and coordinated efforts to address cyberattacks effectively. Leveraging large language models (LLMs) as intelligent agents offers a novel approach…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-30 Zefang Liu

The rapid proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a fragmented and inefficient ecosystem, a state of ``model lock-in'' where seamlessly integrating novel models remains a significant bottleneck. Current routing frameworks…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Cheng Yan , Wuyang Zhang , Zhiyuan Ning , Fan Xu , Ziyang Tao , Lu Zhang , Bing Yin , Yanyong Zhang

Although reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for improving vision-language models (VLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs), current methods rely heavily on manually curated datasets and costly human…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Qinsi Wang , Bo Liu , Tianyi Zhou , Jing Shi , Yueqian Lin , Yiran Chen , Hai Helen Li , Kun Wan , Wentian Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a range of text-generation tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with problems requiring multi-step decision-making and environmental feedback, such as online…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Zhenfang Chen , Delin Chen , Rui Sun , Wenjun Liu , Chuang Gan

Integrating LLM and reinforcement learning (RL) agent effectively to achieve complementary performance is critical in high stake tasks like cybersecurity operations. In this study, we introduce SecurityBot, a LLM agent mentored by…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-27 Yikuan Yan , Yaolun Zhang , Keman Huang

The performance of large language model (LLM) agents depends critically on the execution harness, the system layer that orchestrates tool use, context management, and state persistence. Yet this same architectural centrality makes the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Xixun Lin , Yang Liu , Yancheng Chen , Yongxuan Wu , Yucheng Ning , Yilong Liu , Nan Sun , Shun Zhang , Bin Chong , Chuan Zhou , Yanan Cao

True intelligence requires active capability acquisition, yet current LLM agents inject pre-defined tool schemas into prompts, reducing models to passive selectors and falling short of robust general-purpose agency. We introduce MCP-Zero,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-25 Xiang Fei , Xiawu Zheng , Hao Feng

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly deployed in real-world applications such as "digital assistants, autonomous customer service, and decision-support systems", where their ability to "interact in multi-turn,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are driving a shift towards intent-driven development, where agents build complete software from scratch. However, existing benchmarks fail to assess this 0-to-1 generation capability due to two limitations:…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Ruida Hu , Xinchen Wang , Chao Peng , Cuiyun Gao , David Lo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable advancements in specialized fields such as finance, law, and medicine. However, in cybersecurity, we have noticed a lack of open-source datasets, with a particular lack of high-quality…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Yao-Ching Yu , Tsun-Han Chiang , Cheng-Wei Tsai , Chien-Ming Huang , Wen-Kwang Tsao

This paper presents CyberSecEval, a comprehensive benchmark developed to help bolster the cybersecurity of Large Language Models (LLMs) employed as coding assistants. As what we believe to be the most extensive unified cybersecurity safety…

Enterprise LLM agents can dramatically improve workplace productivity, but their core capability, retrieving and using internal context to act on a user's behalf, also creates new risks for sensitive information leakage. We introduce…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Wenjie Fu , Xiaoting Qin , Jue Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Lukas Wutschitz , Robert Sim , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang