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The swift advancement in the scales and capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) positions them as promising tools for a variety of downstream tasks. In addition to the pursuit of better performance and the avoidance of violent feedback…

Recent breakthroughs in reasoning language models have significantly advanced text-based reasoning. On the other hand, Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) still lag behind, hindered by their outdated internal LLMs. Upgrading these…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yunhao Gou , Kai Chen , Zhili Liu , Lanqing Hong , Xin Jin , Zhenguo Li , James T. Kwok , Yu Zhang

Small Language Models (SLMs) are a cost-effective alternative to Large Language Models (LLMs), but often struggle with complex reasoning due to their limited capacity and a tendency to produce mistakes or inconsistent answers during…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yuanfeng Xu , Zehui Dai , Jian Liang , Jiapeng Guan , Guangrun Wang , Liang Lin , Xiaohui Lv

Although contemporary large language models (LMs) demonstrate impressive question-answering capabilities, their answers are typically the product of a single call to the model. This entails an unwelcome degree of opacity and compromises…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2022-08-31 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan

Given a question, a language model (LM) implicitly encodes a distribution over possible answers. In practice, post-training procedures for LMs often collapse this distribution onto a single dominant mode. While this is generally not a…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Isha Puri , Mehul Damani , Idan Shenfeld , Marzyeh Ghassemi , Jacob Andreas , Yoon Kim

We introduce SAIL-RL, a reinforcement learning (RL) post-training framework that enhances the reasoning capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) by teaching them when and how to think. Existing approaches are limited by…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Fangxun Shu , Yongjie Ye , Yue Liao , Zijian Kang , Weijie Yin , Jiacong Wang , Xiao Liang , Shuicheng Yan , Chao Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in critical applications requiring reliable reasoning, yet their internal reasoning processes remain difficult to evaluate systematically. Existing methods focus on final-answer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Shaima Ahmad Freja , Ferhat Ozgur Catak , Betul Yurdem , Chunming Rong

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements in natural language processing. However, the massive scale and computational demands of these models present formidable challenges when considering their practical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-04-09 Weize Liu , Guocong Li , Kai Zhang , Bang Du , Qiyuan Chen , Xuming Hu , Hongxia Xu , Jintai Chen , Jian Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have notably progressed in multi-step and long-chain reasoning. However, extending their reasoning capabilities to encompass deep interactions with search remains a non-trivial challenge, as models often fail to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-05 Qingfei Zhao , Ruobing Wang , Dingling Xu , Daren Zha , Limin Liu

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new domains/tasks and enabling them to be efficient lifelong learners is a pivotal challenge. In this paper, we propose MoRAL, i.e., Mixture-of-Experts augmented Low-Rank Adaptation for Lifelong…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Shu Yang , Muhammad Asif Ali , Cheng-Long Wang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have shown promising capabilities in reasoning tasks, yet still struggle with complex problems requiring explicit self-reflection and self-correction, especially compared to their unimodal text-based…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in complex reasoning tasks through both post-training and test-time scaling laws. While prevalent test-time scaling approaches are often realized by using external reward…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-31 Fuxiang Zhang , Jiacheng Xu , Chaojie Wang , Ce Cui , Yang Liu , Bo An

Despite the significant improvements achieved by large language models (LLMs) in English reasoning tasks, these models continue to struggle with multilingual reasoning. Recent studies leverage a full-parameter and two-stage training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Yuchun Fan , Yongyu Mu , Yilin Wang , Lei Huang , Junhao Ruan , Bei Li , Tong Xiao , Shujian Huang , Xiaocheng Feng , Jingbo Zhu

Multimodal LLMs often produce fluent yet unreliable reasoning, exhibiting weak step-to-step coherence and insufficient visual grounding, largely because existing alignment approaches supervise only the final answer while ignoring the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Jesen Zhang , Ningyuan Liu , Kaitong Cai , Sidi Liu , Jing Yang , Ziliang Chen , Xiaofei Sun , Keze Wang

The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) can be enhanced with test-time computation, which relies on external tools and even other deep learning models. However, existing approaches for integrating non-text modality…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-12 Tianle Zhang , Wanlong Fang , Jonathan Woo , Paridhi Latawa , Deepak A. Subramanian , Alvin Chan

While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved impressive progress in vision-language understanding, they still struggle with complex multi-step reasoning, often producing logically inconsistent or partially correct solutions.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Lingxiao Du , Fanqing Meng , Zongkai Liu , Zhixiang Zhou , Ping Luo , Qiaosheng Zhang , Wenqi Shao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance in mathematical reasoning tasks when guided by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, they tend to produce highly confident yet incorrect outputs, which poses significant…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Zhenjiang Mao , Artem Bisliouk , Rohith Reddy Nama , Ivan Ruchkin

Logical reasoning is a crucial task for Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling them to tackle complex problems. Among reasoning tasks, multi-step reasoning poses a particular challenge. Grounded in the theory of formal logic, we have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Jialian Li , Yipin Zhang , Wei Shen , Yuzi Yan , Jian Xie , Dong Yan

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective in incentivizing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), but suffers from severe efficiency challenges due to its trial-and-error nature. While the common practice employs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Liang Chen , Xueting Han , Li Shen , Jing Bai , Kam-Fai Wong