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Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning generative models, but its reliance on learned reward models makes it vulnerable to mis-specification and reward hacking. Preference-based…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Akhil Agnihotri , Rahul Jain , Deepak Ramachandran , Zheng Wen

The open-ended generation in LLMs usually requires multi-dimensional rubrics to adequately assess quality and guide the improvement of reinforcement learning. However, a critical dilemma inherent in this training paradigm is the imbalanced…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Yu Huang , Zihua Zhao , Zhaoxin Huan , Wanli Gu , Feng Hong , Xinmu Ge , Lin Yuan , Weichang Wu , Qiang Hu , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Zhou , Jiangchao Yao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

We present LARL-RM (Large language model-generated Automaton for Reinforcement Learning with Reward Machine) algorithm in order to encode high-level knowledge into reinforcement learning using automaton to expedite the reinforcement…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-13 Shayan Meshkat Alsadat , Jean-Raphael Gaglione , Daniel Neider , Ufuk Topcu , Zhe Xu

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) increasingly use Reinforcement Learning (RL) for post-pretraining, such as RL with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) for objective tasks and RL from Human Feedback (RLHF)…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Ziyu Liu , Yuhang Zang , Shengyuan Ding , Yuhang Cao , Xiaoyi Dong , Haodong Duan , Dahua Lin , Jiaqi Wang

Reinforcement learning has become the central approach for language models (LMs) to learn from environmental reward or feedback. In practice, the environmental feedback is usually sparse and delayed. Learning from such signals is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Taiwei Shi , Sihao Chen , Bowen Jiang , Linxin Song , Longqi Yang , Jieyu Zhao

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have played an important role in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and text-to-speech (TTS) systems. While reinforcement learning (RL) has significantly enhanced LLM performance in text-based…

声音 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Changfeng Gao , Yabin Li , Keyu An , Zhifu Gao , Zhihao Du , Han Zhao , Xiangang Li

Reward-free reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework which is suitable for both the batch RL setting and the setting where there are many reward functions of interest. During the exploration phase, an agent collects samples without using…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-22 Ruosong Wang , Simon S. Du , Lin F. Yang , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Reinforcement Learning (RL) plays a crucial role in advancing autonomous driving technologies by maximizing reward functions to achieve the optimal policy. However, crafting these reward functions has been a complex, manual process in many…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Xu Han , Qiannan Yang , Xianda Chen , Xiaowen Chu , Meixin Zhu

Modern recommender systems must adapt to dynamic, need-specific objectives for diverse recommendation scenarios, yet most traditional recommenders are optimized for a single static target and struggle to reconfigure behavior on demand.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Yijun Pan , Weikang Qiu , Qiyao Ma , Mingxuan Ju , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Rex Ying

While recent advances have boosted LM proficiency in linguistic benchmarks, LMs consistently struggle to reason correctly on complex tasks like mathematics. We turn to Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) as a method with which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-13 Sarah Pan , Vladislav Lialin , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) aligns Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences, yet the underlying reward signals they internalize remain hidden, posing a critical challenge for interpretability and safety.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Nyal Patel , Matthieu Bou , Arjun Jagota , Satyapriya Krishna , Sonali Parbhoo

(This work has been submitted to the IEEE for possible publication. Copyright may be transferred without notice, after which this version may no longer be accessible.) To improve the efficiency of deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2021-05-25 Gang Peng , Jin Yang , Xinde Lia , Mohammad Omar Khyam

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) framework for multi-objective decision-making, where the agent seeks to optimize a vector of rewards rather than a single scalar value. The objective is to ensure that the time-averaged reward vector…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-18 Rahul Misra , Manuela L. Bujorianu , Rafał Wisniewski

Large language model alignment via reinforcement learning depends critically on reward function quality. However, static, domain-specific reward models are often costly to train and exhibit poor generalization in out-of-distribution…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Andrew Zhuoer Feng , Cunxiang Wang , Bosi Wen , Yidong Wang , Yu Luo , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Rewards serve as a measure of user satisfaction and act as a limiting factor in interactive recommender systems. In this research, we focus on the problem of learning to reward (LTR), which is fundamental to reinforcement learning. Previous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Jialin Liu , Xinyan Su , Zeyu He , Xiangyu Zhao , Jun Li

Inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to explicitly infer an underlying reward function based on collected expert demonstrations. Considering that obtaining expert demonstrations can be costly, the focus of current IRL techniques is on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-16 Lu Li , Yuxin Pan , Ruobing Chen , Jie Liu , Zilin Wang , Yu Liu , Zhiheng Li

Transfer of recent advances in deep reinforcement learning to real-world applications is hindered by high data demands and thus low efficiency and scalability. Through independent improvements of components such as replay buffers or more…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-28 André Eberhard , Houssam Metni , Georg Fahland , Alexander Stroh , Pascal Friederich

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a framework to optimize a control policy using rewards that are revealed by the system as a response to a control action. In its standard form, RL involves a single agent that uses its policy to accomplish a…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2021-11-24 Juan Cervino , Juan Andres Bazerque , Miguel Calvo-Fullana , Alejandro Ribeiro
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