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While Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows promise in training tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) using verifiable outcome rewards, existing methods largely overlook the potential of reasoning rewards based on chain-of-thought quality for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Hexiong Yang , Jiajun Chai , Jie Cao , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

To keep pace with the increasing pace of large language models (LLM) development, model output evaluation has transitioned away from time-consuming human evaluation to automatic evaluation, where LLMs themselves are tasked with assessing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Austin Xu , Yilun Zhou , Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Caiming Xiong , Shafiq Joty

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), which is widely adopted by R1-like reasoning models, has advanced mathematical reasoning. Nevertheless, GRPO faces challenges in reward sparsity, verbosity, and inadequate focus on problem…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Jixiao Zhang , Chunsheng Zuo

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate functionally correct solutions but often fall short in code efficiency, a critical bottleneck for real-world deployment. In this paper, we introduce a novel test-time iterative optimization framework to…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Mingzhe Du , Luu Anh Tuan , Yue Liu , Yuhao Qing , Dong Huang , Xinyi He , Qian Liu , Zejun Ma , See-kiong Ng

The effective training of Large Language Models (LLMs) for function calling faces a critical challenge: balancing exploration of complex reasoning paths with stable policy optimization. Standard methods like Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT)…

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as group-relative policy optimization (GRPO) have shown strong potential for improving the mathematical reasoning capabilities of large language models. While a growing body of work seeks to improve…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Wenquan Lu , Hai Huang , Enqi Liu , Randall Balestriero

Reinforcement learning, such as PPO and GRPO, has powered recent breakthroughs in LLM reasoning. Scaling rollout to sample more prompts enables models to selectively use higher-quality data for training, which can stabilize RL training and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Haizhong Zheng , Yang Zhou , Brian R. Bartoldson , Bhavya Kailkhura , Fan Lai , Jiawei Zhao , Beidi Chen

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), primarily driven by the Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm, is a leading approach for enhancing the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite its…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Kangqi Ni , Zhen Tan , Zijie Liu , Pingzhi Li , Tianlong Chen

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become central to enhancing reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Yet on-policy algorithms such as Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) often suffer in early training: noisy gradients from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Ziyan Wang , Zheng Wang , Xingwei Qu , Qi Cheng , Jie Fu , Shengpu Tang , Minjia Zhang , Xiaoming Huo

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis, inspiring autoregressive frameworks that represent speech as sequences of discrete codec tokens. Among them, single-codebook TTS LLMs have…

声音 · 计算机科学 2025-11-27 Yicheng Zhong , Peiji Yang , Zhisheng Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has proven effective in strengthening the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). A widely adopted method, Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), has shown strong empirical results in training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Peter Chen , Xiaopeng Li , Ziniu Li , Xi Chen , Tianyi Lin

Generating accurate and executable code using Large Language Models (LLMs) remains a significant challenge for underrepresented programming languages, such as Prolog and Lisp, due to the scarcity of public training data compared to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Federico Pennino , Bianca Raimondi , Massimo Rondelli , Andrea Gurioli , Maurizio Gabbrielli

The quality of Large Language Model (LLM) pretraining depends on multiple factors, including the compute budget and the choice of optimization algorithm. Empirical scaling laws are widely used to predict loss as model size and training data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-25 Alexandra Volkova , Mher Safaryan , Christoph H. Lampert , Dan Alistarh

The Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) algorithm has demonstrated considerable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by DeepSeek-R1. However, the absence of intermediate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Fei Ding , Baiqiao Wang , Zijian Zeng , Youwei Wang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has markedly enhanced the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). Its success, however, largely depends on strong base models with rich world knowledge, yielding only modest…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Yongxin Guo , Wenbo Deng , Zhenglin Cheng , Xiaoying Tang

Scaling laws predict the loss of a target machine learning model by extrapolating from easier-to-train models with fewer parameters or smaller training sets. This provides an efficient way for practitioners and researchers alike to compare…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Leshem Choshen , Yang Zhang , Jacob Andreas

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed for tasks requiring complex reasoning, prompting significant interest in improving their reasoning abilities through post-training. Especially RL based methods using verifiable reward,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Prasanna Parthasarathi , Mathieu Reymond , Boxing Chen , Yufei Cui , Sarath Chandar

Recent alignment work on Large Language Models (LLMs) suggests preference optimization can improve reasoning by shifting probability mass toward better solutions. We test this claim in a resource-constrained setting by applying GRPO with…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Suraj Yadav , Siddharth Yadav , Parth Goyal

Precise estimation of downstream performance in large language models (LLMs) prior to training is essential for guiding their development process. Scaling laws analysis utilizes the statistics of a series of significantly smaller sampling…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Yangyi Chen , Binxuan Huang , Yifan Gao , Zhengyang Wang , Jingfeng Yang , Heng Ji