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Toroidal rotation is crucial for maintaining stable and high performance plasmas in tokamak fusion reactors. Among its driving mechanisms, the neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) torque--induced by three-dimensional magnetic…

Modern machine learning has achieved remarkable success on many problems, but this success often depends on the existence of large, labeled datasets. While active learning can dramatically reduce labeling cost when annotations are…

Speculative Decoding has gained popularity as an effective technique for accelerating the auto-regressive inference process of Large Language Models. However, Speculative Decoding entirely relies on the availability of efficient draft…

We consider a class of stochastic programming problems where the implicitly decision-dependent random variable follows a nonparametric regression model with heteroscedastic error. The Clarke subdifferential and surrogate functions are not…

A salient characteristic of pre-trained language models (PTLMs) is a remarkable improvement in their generalization capability and emergence of new capabilities with increasing model capacity and pre-training dataset size. Consequently, we…

The active learning (AL) technique, one of the state-of-the-art methods for constructing surrogate models, has shown high accuracy and efficiency in forward uncertainty quantification (UQ) analysis. This paper provides a comprehensive study…

The performance of machine learning surrogates is critically dependent on data quality and quantity. This presents a major challenge, as high-fidelity (HF) data is often scarce and computationally expensive to acquire, while low-fidelity…

Handling heterogeneous data in tabular datasets poses a significant challenge for deep learning models. While attention-based architectures and self-supervised learning have achieved notable success, their application to tabular data…

This work is directed to uncertainty quantification of homogenized effective properties for composite materials with complex, three dimensional microstructure. The uncertainties arise in the material parameters of the single constituents as…

The widespread integration of deep neural networks in developing data-driven surrogate models for high-fidelity simulations of complex physical systems highlights the critical necessity for robust uncertainty quantification techniques and…

Machine learning, which can generate extremely fast and highly accurate black-box surrogate models, is increasingly being applied to a variety of AC power flow problems. Rigorously verifying the accuracy of the resulting black-box models,…

This paper proposes the TrafficFlowGAN, a physics-informed flow based generative adversarial network (GAN), for uncertainty quantification (UQ) of dynamical systems. TrafficFlowGAN adopts a normalizing flow model as the generator to…

We present a fast and accurate data-driven surrogate model for divertor plasma detachment prediction leveraging the latent feature space concept in machine learning research. Our approach involves constructing and training two neural…

Operational flood forecasting still relies on high-fidelity two-dimensional hydraulic solvers, but their runtime can be prohibitive for rapid decision support on large urban floodplains. In parallel, AI-based surrogate models have shown…

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have recently shown great promise as a way of incorporating physics-based domain knowledge, including fundamental governing equations, into neural network models for many complex engineering systems.…

Determining atomic structure from spectroscopic data is central to materials science but remains restricted to a limited set of techniques and material classes, largely due to the computational cost and complexity of structural refinement.…

Active learning is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on improving the data collection efficiency of expensive-to-evaluate systems. Especially, active learning integrated surrogate modeling has shown remarkable performance in…

Labeling data can be an expensive task as it is usually performed manually by domain experts. This is cumbersome for deep learning, as it is dependent on large labeled datasets. Active learning (AL) is a paradigm that aims to reduce…

The inference of large language models imposes significant computational workloads, often requiring the processing of billions of parameters. Although early-exit strategies have proven effective in reducing computational demands by halting…

We present a new active learning framework for multiclass classification based on surrogate risk minimization that operates beyond the standard realizability assumption. Existing surrogate-based active learning algorithms crucially rely on…