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Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful text generators, yet they can produce toxic or harmful content even when given seemingly harmless prompts. This presents a serious safety challenge and can cause real-world harm. Toxicity is often…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Himanshu Singh , Ziwei Xu , A. V. Subramanyam , Mohan Kankanhalli

The spread of toxic content online is an important problem that has adverse effects on user experience online and in our society at large. Motivated by the importance and impact of the problem, research focuses on developing solutions to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-11 Xinlei He , Savvas Zannettou , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang

Due to the subtleness, implicity, and different possible interpretations perceived by different people, detecting undesirable content from text is a nuanced difficulty. It is a long-known risk that language models (LMs), once trained on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-26 Yau-Shian Wang , Yingshan Chang

Large language models (LLMs) and small language models (SLMs) are being adopted at remarkable speed, although their safety still remains a serious concern. With the advent of multilingual S/LLMs, the question now becomes a matter of scale:…

Large Language Models remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts that elicit toxic content even after safety alignment. We present ToxSearch, a black-box evolutionary framework that tests model safety by evolving prompts in a synchronous…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Onkar Shelar , Travis Desell

Large language models (LLMs) are being deployed across the Global South, where everyday use involves low-resource languages, code-mixing, and culturally specific norms. Yet safety pipelines, benchmarks, and alignment still largely target…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Somnath Banerjee , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to their extensive global deployment, and ensuring their safety calls for comprehensive and multilingual toxicity evaluations. However, existing toxicity benchmarks are overwhelmingly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Devansh Jain , Priyanshu Kumar , Samuel Gehman , Xuhui Zhou , Thomas Hartvigsen , Maarten Sap

Pretrained neural language models (LMs) are prone to generating racist, sexist, or otherwise toxic language which hinders their safe deployment. We investigate the extent to which pretrained LMs can be prompted to generate toxic language,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-09-29 Samuel Gehman , Suchin Gururangan , Maarten Sap , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Toxic interactions during code reviews can undermine teamwork and hinder productivity in software engineering (SE) teams. While prior studies explore toxicity detection and empirical investigation, they lack real-time detoxification tools…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 MD Awsaf Alam Anindya , Showvik Biswas , Anindya Iqbal , Jaydeb Sarker , Amiangshu Bosu

To date, toxicity mitigation in language models has almost entirely been focused on single-language settings. As language models embrace multilingual capabilities, it's crucial our safety measures keep pace. Recognizing this research gap,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Luiza Pozzobon , Patrick Lewis , Sara Hooker , Beyza Ermis

The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has transformed natural language processing; however, their safety mechanisms remain under-explored in low-resource, multilingual settings. Here, we aim to bridge this gap. In particular, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-24 Yujia Hu , Ming Shan Hee , Preslav Nakov , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Multilingual toxicity detection remains a significant challenge due to the scarcity of training data and resources for many languages. While prior work has leveraged the translate-test paradigm to support cross-lingual transfer across a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Samuel J. Bell , Eduardo Sánchez , David Dale , Pontus Stenetorp , Mikel Artetxe , Marta R. Costa-jussà

This paper introduces Chain of Translation Prompting (CoTR), a novel strategy designed to enhance the performance of language models in low-resource languages. CoTR restructures prompts to first translate the input context from a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-31 Tejas Deshpande , Nidhi Kowtal , Raviraj Joshi

Despite their strong performance, large language models (LLMs) face challenges in real-world application of lexical simplification (LS), particularly in privacy-sensitive and resource-constrained environments. Moreover, since vulnerable…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Akio Hayakawa , Stefan Bott , Horacio Saggion

The prevalence of harmful content on social media platforms poses significant risks to users and society, necessitating more effective and scalable content moderation strategies. Current approaches rely on human moderators, supervised…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-27 Akash Bonagiri , Lucen Li , Rajvardhan Oak , Zeerak Babar , Magdalena Wojcieszak , Anshuman Chhabra

AI safety training and red-teaming of large language models (LLMs) are measures to mitigate the generation of unsafe content. Our work exposes the inherent cross-lingual vulnerability of these safety mechanisms, resulting from the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-30 Zheng-Xin Yong , Cristina Menghini , Stephen H. Bach

Ensuring the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse linguistic settings remains challenging, particularly for low-resource languages. Existing safety alignment methods are English-centric, limiting their effectiveness. We…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-09 Isaac Lim , Shaun Khoo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Watson Chua , Jia Yi Goh , Jessica Foo

Using large language models, this paper presents techniques to improve extremely low-resourced indigenous language translations. Our approaches are grounded in the use of (1) the presence of a datastore consisting of a limited number of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-19 You-Cheng Liao , Chen-Jui Yu , Chi-Yi Lin , He-Feng Yun , Yen-Hsiang Wang , Hsiao-Min Li , Yao-Chung Fan

Large language models (LLMs) are known to effectively perform tasks by simply observing few exemplars. However, in low-resource languages, obtaining such hand-picked exemplars can still be challenging, where unsupervised techniques may be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-22 Xuan-Phi Nguyen , Sharifah Mahani Aljunied , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

Language models (LMs) can reproduce (or amplify) toxic language seen during training, which poses a risk to their practical application. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to study this phenomenon. We analyze the impact of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-08 Canwen Xu , Zexue He , Zhankui He , Julian McAuley
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