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Autonomous agent frameworks built upon large language models (LLMs) are evolving into complex, tool-integrated, and continuously operating systems, introducing security risks beyond traditional prompt-level vulnerabilities. As this paradigm…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Luyao Xu , Xiang Chen

Prompt injection attacks, where untrusted data contains an injected prompt to manipulate the system, have been listed as the top security threat to LLM-integrated applications. Model-level prompt injection defenses have shown strong…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-09 Sizhe Chen , Arman Zharmagambetov , David Wagner , Chuan Guo

We introduce Advertisement Embedding Attacks (AEA), a new class of LLM security threats that stealthily inject promotional or malicious content into model outputs and AI agents. AEA operate through two low-cost vectors: (1) hijacking…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Qiming Guo , Jinwen Tang , Xingran Huang

Backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat to large language models (LLMs), which are increasingly deployed as general-purpose assistants in safety- and privacy-critical applications. Existing LLM backdoors rely primarily on…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Rui Wen , Mark Russinovich , Andrew Paverd , Jun Sakuma , Ahmed Salem

Large language model (LLM) agents are widely deployed in real-world applications, where they leverage tools to retrieve and manipulate external data for complex tasks. However, when interacting with untrusted data sources (e.g., fetching…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Hengyu An , Jinghuai Zhang , Tianyu Du , Chunyi Zhou , Qingming Li , Tao Lin , Shouling Ji

Prompt injection attacks manipulate large language models (LLMs) by misleading them to deviate from the original input instructions and execute maliciously injected instructions, because of their instruction-following capabilities and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuan Sui , Yufei He , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

The rapid deployment of open-source frameworks has significantly advanced the development of modern multi-agent systems. However, expanded action spaces, including uncontrolled privilege exposure and hidden inter-system interactions, pose…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Wenhui Zhu , Xuanzhao Dong , Xiwen Chen , Rui Cai , Peijie Qiu , Zhipeng Wang , Oana Frunza , Shao Tang , Jindong Gu , Yalin Wang

Software vulnerabilities remain a critical security challenge, providing entry points for attackers into enterprise networks. Despite advances in security practices, the lack of high-quality datasets capturing diverse exploit behavior…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Alireza Lotfi , Charalampos Katsis , Elisa Bertino

LLM agents are highly vulnerable to Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI), where adversaries embed malicious directives in untrusted tool outputs to hijack execution. Most existing defenses treat IPI as an input-level semantic discrimination…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-12 Yu He , Haozhe Zhu , Yiming Li , Shuo Shao , Hongwei Yao , Zhihao Liu , Zhan Qin

Agentic AI systems introduce a security surface that is qualitatively different from that of stateless LLMs. They persist memory, invoke external tools, coordinate with peer agents, and operate across sessions, allowing attacks to emerge…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Kexin Chu

Large language models play a crucial role in modern natural language processing technologies. However, their extensive use also introduces potential security risks, such as the possibility of black-box attacks. These attacks can embed…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Daniil Khomsky , Narek Maloyan , Bulat Nutfullin

Agentic systems based on large language models (LLMs) operate not merely as text generators but as autonomous entities that dynamically retrieve information and invoke tools. This execution model shifts the attack surface from traditional…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Xiaochong Jiang , Shiqi Yang , Wenting Yang , Yichen Liu , Cheng Ji

As large language models (LLMs) permeate more and more applications, an assessment of their associated security risks becomes increasingly necessary. The potential for exploitation by malicious actors, ranging from disinformation to data…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Erik Derner , Kristina Batistič , Jan Zahálka , Robert Babuška

Driven by the rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs), LLM-based agents have been developed to handle various real-world applications, including finance, healthcare, and shopping, etc. It is crucial to ensure the reliability and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Wenkai Yang , Xiaohan Bi , Yankai Lin , Sishuo Chen , Jie Zhou , Xu Sun

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) improve performance on complex tasks, but they also make safety control harder at deployment time. In black-box settings, defenders cannot modify model weights and must instead intervene at inference time. This…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Zhenhao Xu , Wenhan Chang , Yichuan Chen , Yuxin Fang , Junhao Liu , Tianqing Zhu

We demonstrate how AI-powered cybersecurity tools can be turned against themselves through prompt injection attacks. Prompt injection is reminiscent of cross-site scripting (XSS): malicious text is hidden within seemingly trusted content,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Víctor Mayoral-Vilches , Per Mannermaa Rynning

Despite extensive safety measures, LLMs are vulnerable to adversarial inputs, or jailbreaks, which can elicit unsafe behaviors. In this work, we introduce bijection learning, a powerful attack algorithm which automatically fuzzes LLMs for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Brian R. Y. Huang , Maximilian Li , Leonard Tang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise settings where they interact with multiple users and are trained or fine-tuned on sensitive internal data. While fine-tuning enhances performance by internalizing domain…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations such as jailbreaking via prompt injection attacks. These attacks bypass safety mechanisms…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Xin Wei Chia , Swee Liang Wong , Jonathan Pan

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin