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Deep learning empirically achieves high performance in many applications, but its training dynamics has not been fully understood theoretically. In this paper, we explore theoretical analysis on training two-layer ReLU neural networks in a…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-06-30 Shunta Akiyama , Taiji Suzuki

This paper provides an analysis of state-of-the-art activation functions with respect to supervised classification of deep neural network. These activation functions comprise of Rectified Linear Units (ReLU), Exponential Linear Unit (ELU),…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-04-07 Anh Nguyen , Khoa Pham , Dat Ngo , Thanh Ngo , Lam Pham

Activation functions are the linchpins of deep learning, profoundly influencing both the representational capacity and training dynamics of neural networks. They shape not only the nature of representations but also optimize convergence…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-04 Juyoung Yun

Activation functions are essential to deep learning networks. Popular and versatile activation functions are mostly monotonic functions, some non-monotonic activation functions are being explored and show promising performance. But by…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2023-05-26 Junjia Chen , Zhibin Pan

The choice of activation functions is crucial for modern deep neural networks. Popular hand-designed activation functions like Rectified Linear Unit(ReLU) and its variants show promising performance in various tasks and models. Swish, the…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2021-04-09 Yucong Zhou , Zezhou Zhu , Zhao Zhong

In past few years, linear rectified unit activation functions have shown its significance in the neural networks, surpassing the performance of sigmoid activations. RELU (Nair & Hinton, 2010), ELU (Clevert et al., 2015), PRELU (He et al.,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-06-05 Vijay Pandey

`Biologically inspired' activation functions, such as the logistic sigmoid, have been instrumental in the historical advancement of machine learning. However in the field of deep learning, they have been largely displaced by rectified…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2018-05-21 Gardave S Bhumbra

Accurate emotion classification for online reviews is vital for business organizations to gain deeper insights into markets. Although deep learning has been successfully implemented in this area, accuracy and processing time are still major…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2022-03-10 Hui Yang , Abeer Alsadoon , P. W. C. Prasad , Thair Al-Dala'in , Tarik A. Rashid , Angelika Maag , Omar Hisham Alsadoon

Large number of ReLU and MAC operations of Deep neural networks make them ill-suited for latency and compute-efficient private inference. In this paper, we present a model optimization method that allows a model to learn to be shallow. In…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-27 Souvik Kundu , Yuke Zhang , Dake Chen , Peter A. Beerel

The scope of research in the domain of activation functions remains limited and centered around improving the ease of optimization or generalization quality of neural networks (NNs). However, to develop a deeper understanding of deep…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-12-10 Mohit Goyal , Rajan Goyal , Brejesh Lall

We consider neural networks with rational activation functions. The choice of the nonlinear activation function in deep learning architectures is crucial and heavily impacts the performance of a neural network. We establish optimal bounds…

神经与进化计算 · 计算机科学 2020-10-01 Nicolas Boullé , Yuji Nakatsukasa , Alex Townsend

The loss function used to train a neural network is strongly connected to its output layer from a statistical point of view. This technical report analyzes common activation functions for a neural network output layer, like linear, sigmoid,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-10 Fernando Berzal

This paper studies nonparametric regression with repeated measurements when the response in the target domain is unobservable or costly to collect. We adopt a transfer learning framework that leverages a source domain with observable…

统计方法学 · 统计学 2026-05-26 Yingxuan Wang , Xiangyu Xing , Wangli Xu

The large number of ReLU non-linearity operations in existing deep neural networks makes them ill-suited for latency-efficient private inference (PI). Existing techniques to reduce ReLU operations often involve manual effort and sacrifice…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-01-24 Souvik Kundu , Shunlin Lu , Yuke Zhang , Jacqueline Liu , Peter A. Beerel

In this paper, we study the properties of robust nonparametric estimation using deep neural networks for regression models with heavy tailed error distributions. We establish the non-asymptotic error bounds for a class of robust…

统计理论 · 数学 2021-07-23 Guohao Shen , Yuling Jiao , Yuanyuan Lin , Jian Huang

We propose the Moderate Adaptive Linear Unit (MoLU), a novel activation function for deep neural networks, defined analytically as: f(x)=x \times (1+tanh(x))/2. MoLU combines mathematical elegance with empirical effectiveness, exhibiting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Hankyul Koh , Joon-hyuk Ko , Wonho Jhe

We draw connections between simple neural networks and under-determined linear systems to comprehensively explore several interesting theoretical questions in the study of neural networks. First, we emphatically show that it is unsurprising…

数值分析 · 数学 2020-11-02 Austin R. Benson , Anil Damle , Alex Townsend

Fourier Analysis Network (FAN) was recently proposed as a simple way to improve neural network performance by replacing part of Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activations with sine and cosine functions. Although several studies have reported…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Sam Jeong , Hae Yong Kim

Adversarial training is an effective method to improve the machine learning (ML) model robustness. Most existing studies typically consider the Rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function and centralized training environments. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-05 Long Dang , Thushari Hapuarachchi , Kaiqi Xiong , Jing Lin

Neural networks are a powerful class of functions that can be trained with simple gradient descent to achieve state-of-the-art performance on a variety of applications. Despite their practical success, there is a paucity of results that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2017-03-06 Bo Xie , Yingyu Liang , Le Song