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Large language models (LLMs) are known to memorize parts of their training data, raising important concerns around privacy and security. While previous research has focused on studying memorization in pre-trained models, much less is known…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Simardeep Singh

A popular approach to model compression is to train an inexpensive student model to mimic the class probabilities of a highly accurate but cumbersome teacher model. Surprisingly, this two-step knowledge distillation process often leads to…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-04-21 Tri Dao , Govinda M Kamath , Vasilis Syrgkanis , Lester Mackey

The exponential growth of Large Language Models (LLMs) continues to highlight the need for efficient strategies to meet ever-expanding computational and data demands. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of two complementary…

Distilling knowledge from a well-trained cumbersome network to a small one has recently become a new research topic, as lightweight neural networks with high performance are particularly in need in various resource-restricted systems. This…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2016-07-26 Lili Mou , Ran Jia , Yan Xu , Ge Li , Lu Zhang , Zhi Jin

Today, transformer language models serve as a core component for majority of natural language processing tasks. Industrial application of such models requires minimization of computation time and memory footprint. Knowledge distillation is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-06 Alina Kolesnikova , Yuri Kuratov , Vasily Konovalov , Mikhail Burtsev

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, leading to an expectation for LLMs to be trustworthy -- - both accurate and well-calibrated (the prediction confidence should align with its ground truth…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-04 KaShun Shum , Minrui Xu , Jianshu Zhang , Zixin Chen , Shizhe Diao , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Muhammad Omer Raza

A computationally expensive and memory intensive neural network lies behind the recent success of language representation learning. Knowledge distillation, a major technique for deploying such a vast language model in resource-scarce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-09-20 Geondo Park , Gyeongman Kim , Eunho Yang

Motivation: Protein embedding, which represents proteins as numerical vectors, is a crucial step in various learning-based protein annotation/classification problems, including gene ontology prediction, protein-protein interaction…

基因组学 · 定量生物学 2024-05-21 Jiayu Shang , Cheng Peng , Yongxin Ji , Jiaojiao Guan , Dehan Cai , Xubo Tang , Yanni Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, CoT prompting greatly increases computational demands, which has prompted growing interest in distilling CoT capabilities into Small…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Xinghao Chen , Zhijing Sun , Wenjin Guo , Miaoran Zhang , Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Hui Su , Yijie Pan , Dietrich Klakow , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have showcased exceptional capabilities in various domains, attracting significant interest from both academia and industry. Despite their impressive performance, the substantial size and computational demands…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-03 Chuanpeng Yang , Wang Lu , Yao Zhu , Yidong Wang , Qian Chen , Chenlong Gao , Bingjie Yan , Yiqiang Chen

Distillation has shown remarkable success in transferring knowledge from a Large Language Model (LLM) teacher to a student LLM. However, current distillation methods require similar tokenizers between the teacher and the student,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Benjamin Minixhofer , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

Knowledge distillation is typically conducted by training a small model (the student) to mimic a large and cumbersome model (the teacher). The idea is to compress the knowledge from the teacher by using its output probabilities as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-01-17 Gustavo Aguilar , Yuan Ling , Yu Zhang , Benjamin Yao , Xing Fan , Chenlei Guo

Large-scale language models have recently demonstrated impressive empirical performance. Nevertheless, the improved results are attained at the price of bigger models, more power consumption, and slower inference, which hinder their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-03-18 Kevin J Liang , Weituo Hao , Dinghan Shen , Yufan Zhou , Weizhu Chen , Changyou Chen , Lawrence Carin

Recent studies have demonstrated the great potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) serving as zero-shot relevance rankers. The typical approach involves making comparisons between pairs or lists of documents. Although effective, these…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-11-06 Weiwei Sun , Zheng Chen , Xinyu Ma , Lingyong Yan , Shuaiqiang Wang , Pengjie Ren , Zhumin Chen , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

In most natural language inference problems, sentence representation is needed for semantic retrieval tasks. In recent years, pre-trained large language models have been quite effective for computing such representations. These models…

Distilling robust reasoning capabilities from large language models (LLMs) into smaller, computationally efficient student models remains an unresolved challenge. Despite recent advances, distilled models frequently suffer from superficial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-23 Zhen Tan , Chengshuai Zhao , Song Wang , Jundong Li , Tianlong Chen , Huan Liu

Large pre-trained language models often struggle to incorporate new domain-specific terminology when fine-tuned on small, specialized corpora. In this work, we address the challenge of vocabulary expansion in frozen LLMs by introducing a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Max Rehman Linder

Byte Language Models (BLMs) have emerged as a promising direction for scaling language models beyond tokenization. However, existing BLMs typically require training from scratch on trillions of bytes, making them prohibitively expensive. In…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Zishuo Bao , Jiaqi Leng , Junxiong Wang , Bowen Peng , Yucheng Lu

In this paper, we present a novel approach for distilling math word problem solving capabilities from large language models (LLMs) into smaller, more efficient student models. Our approach is designed to consider the student model's…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-25 Zhenwen Liang , Wenhao Yu , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Peter Clark , Xiangliang Zhang , Ashwin Kaylan

Proprietary large language models (LLMs) embody substantial economic value and are generally exposed only as black-box APIs, yet adversaries can still exploit their outputs to extract knowledge via distillation. Existing defenses focus…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-07 Hao Fang , Tianyi Zhang , Tianqu Zhuang , Jiawei Kong , Kuofeng Gao , Bin Chen , Leqi Zheng , Shu-Tao Xia , Ke Xu