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Reconfigurable antenna systems (RASs), such as fluid antennas and movable antennas, are poised to play a pivotal role in sixth-generation (6G) systems by dynamically adapting the antenna elements for system performance enhancement. However,…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-04-27 Chen Xu , Xianghao Yu

Reconfigurable surface (RS) has been shown to be an effective solution for improving wireless communication links in general multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) setting. Current research efforts have been largely directed…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Juan Vidal Alegria , Joao Vieira , Fredrik Rusek

The growing demands of 6G mobile communication networks necessitate advanced antenna technologies. Movable antennas (MAs) and reconfigurable antennas (RAs) enable dynamic control over antenna's position, orientation, radiation,…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Lipeng Zhu , Haobin Mao , Ge Yan , Wenyan Ma , Zhenyu Xiao , Rui Zhang

Intelligent surfaces that reshape electromagnetic waves are regarded as disruptive technologies for wireless networks. However, existing designs sit at two costly extremes: dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) offer fine beam…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-11-24 Ziyuan Zheng , Qingqing Wu , Wen Chen , Weiren Zhu , Ying Gao

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a cost-effective solution for green communications in 6G. However, its further extensive use has been greatly limited due to its fully passive characteristics. Considering the…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Jintao Wang , Chengzhi Ma , Shiqi Gong , Xi Yang , Shaodan Ma

Rotatable intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) introduces a new spatial degree of freedom (DoF) by dynamically adjusting orientations without the need of changing its elements' positions in real time. To unleash the full potential of…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2026-03-04 Qiaoyan Peng , Qingqing Wu , Guangji Chen , Wen Chen , Shaodan Ma , Shanpu Shen , Rui Zhang

A potential candidate technology for the development of future 6G networks has been recognized as Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS). However, due to the variation in radio link quality, traditional passive RISs only accomplish a…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-09-26 Rashed Hasan Ratul , Muhammad Iqbal , Tabinda Ashraf , Jen-Yi Pan , Yi-Han Wang , Shao-Yu Lien

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are programmable metasurfaces that can adaptively steer received electromagnetic energy in desired directions by employing controllable phase shifting cells. Among other uses, an RIS can modify the…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-05-15 Ender Ayanoglu , Filippo Capolino , A. Lee Swindlehurst

A communication link aided by a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is studied in which the transmitter can control the state of the RIS via a finite-rate control link. Channel state information (CSI) is acquired at the receiver based…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2020-12-02 Roy Karasik , Osvaldo Simeone , Marco Di Renzo , Shlomo Shamai

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are widely considered a promising technology for future wireless communication systems. As an important indicator of RIS-assisted communication systems in green wireless communications, energy…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2023-10-25 Zhiyi Li , Jida Zhang , Jieao Zhu , Shi Jin , Linglong Dai

Terahertz (THz) systems have the benefit of high bandwidth and hence are capable of supporting ultra-high data rates, albeit at the cost of high pathloss. Hence they tend to harness high-gain beamforming. Therefore a novel hybrid 3D…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2022-02-07 Xufang Wang , Zihuai Lin , Feng Lin , Lajos Hanzo , Life Fellow

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) or Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) are metasurfaces that can be deployed in various places in wireless environments to make these environments controllable and reconfigurable. In this paper,…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2020-01-22 S. Mohammad Razavizadeh , Tommy Svensson

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are envisioned to play a key role in future wireless communications, enabling programmable radio propagation environments. They are usually considered as almost passive planar structures that…

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) are rapidly gaining prominence in the realm of fifth generation (5G)-Advanced, and predominantly, sixth generation (6G) mobile networks, offering a revolutionary approach to optimizing wireless…

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been explored as a supportive technology for wireless communication since around 2019. While the literature highlights the potential of RIS in different modern applications, two key issues have…

A primary objective of the forthcoming sixth generation (6G) of wireless networking is to support demanding applications, while ensuring energy efficiency. Programmable wireless environments (PWEs) have emerged as a promising solution,…

In this survey paper, we present an extensive review of the use of RIS in 6G radio localization, highlighting their pivotal role as a low-cost, energy-efficient technology that reshapes wireless communication and localization landscapes.…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-02-05 Anum Umer , Ivo Müürsepp , Muhammad Mahtab Alam , Henk Wymeersch

The six-dimensional movable antenna (6DMA) is a promising technology to fully exploit spatial variation in wireless channels by allowing flexible adjustment of three-dimensional (3D) positions and rotations of antennas at the transceiver.…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Qijun Jiang , Xiaodan Shao , Rui Zhang

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the capacity of wireless communication links by passively beamforming the impinging signals in desired directions. This feature has been demonstrated both analytically and…

信号处理 · 电气工程与系统科学 2025-01-23 Emil Björnson , Özlem Tuğfe Demir

The reconfigurability of fluid antenna systems (FASs) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) provides significant flexibility in optimizing channel conditions by jointly adjusting the positions of fluid antennas and the phase shifts…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Xin Zhang , Dongfang Xu , Jingjing Wang , Shenghui Song , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng , Mérouane Debbah