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Large Language Models (LLMs) are advancing at a remarkable pace, with myriad applications under development. Unlike most earlier machine learning models, they are no longer built for one specific application but are designed to excel in a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Valentin Hartmann , Anshuman Suri , Vincent Bindschaedler , David Evans , Shruti Tople , Robert West

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Sequence models, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and autoregressive image generators, have a tendency to memorize and inadvertently leak sensitive information. While this tendency has critical legal implications, existing tools are…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Lorenzo Rossi , Michael Aerni , Jie Zhang , Florian Tramèr

Prompt-based learning paradigm bridges the gap between pre-training and fine-tuning, and works effectively under the few-shot setting. However, we find that this learning paradigm inherits the vulnerability from the pre-training stage,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-04-12 Lei Xu , Yangyi Chen , Ganqu Cui , Hongcheng Gao , Zhiyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread adoption across various domains, including chatbots and auto-task completion agents. However, these models are susceptible to safety vulnerabilities such as jailbreaking, prompt injection,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 Divyanshu Kumar , Anurakt Kumar , Sahil Agarwal , Prashanth Harshangi

Large language models for code (LLMs4Code) rely heavily on massive training data, including sensitive data, such as cloud service credentials of the projects and personal identifiable information of the developers, raising serious privacy…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Md Nazmul Haque , Hua Yang , Zhou Yang , Bowen Xu

Large language models have been shown to memorize significant portions of their training data, which they can reproduce when appropriately prompted. This work investigates the impact of simple pruning techniques on this behavior. Our…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-25 Mansi Gupta , Nikhar Waghela , Sarthak Gupta , Shourya Goel , Sanjif Shanmugavelu

Large Language Models (LLMs) based on the pre-trained fine-tuning paradigm have become pivotal in solving natural language processing tasks, consistently achieving state-of-the-art performance. Nevertheless, the theoretical understanding of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-02 Jing Luo , Huiyuan Wang , Weiran Huang

Finetuning pretrained large language models (LLMs) has become the standard paradigm for developing downstream applications. However, its security implications remain unclear, particularly regarding whether finetuned LLMs inherit jailbreak…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-18 Yixin Tan , Zhe Yu , Jun Sakuma

Fine-tuning pretrained language models (PLMs) on downstream tasks has become common practice in natural language processing. However, most of the PLMs are vulnerable, e.g., they are brittle under adversarial attacks or imbalanced data,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-05-03 Shoujie Tong , Qingxiu Dong , Damai Dai , Yifan song , Tianyu Liu , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui

Prompt tuning is a parameter-efficient tuning (PETuning) method for utilizing pre-trained models (PTMs) that simply prepends a soft prompt to the input and only optimizes the prompt to adapt PTMs to downstream tasks. Although it is…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-24 Xiangyang Liu , Tianxiang Sun , Xuanjing Huang , Xipeng Qiu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks often leads to catastrophic forgetting, notably degrading the safety of originally aligned models. While some existing methods attempt to restore safety by incorporating…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-29 Hua Farn , Hsuan Su , Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee

Pre-trained models have been shown effective in many code intelligence tasks. These models are pre-trained on large-scale unlabeled corpus and then fine-tuned in downstream tasks. However, as the inputs to pre-training and downstream tasks…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2022-07-26 Chaozheng Wang , Yuanhang Yang , Cuiyun Gao , Yun Peng , Hongyu Zhang , Michael R. Lyu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Membership Inference Attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a target data record has been utilized for model training or not. Existing MIAs designed for large language models (LLMs) can be bifurcated into two types: reference-free and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Wenjie Fu , Huandong Wang , Chen Gao , Guanghua Liu , Yong Li , Tao Jiang

Prompt optimization and fine-tuning are two major approaches to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). They enhance the capabilities of LLMs from complementary perspectives: the former through explicit natural language,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Xiaohe Bo , Rui Li , Zexu Sun , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into daily applications, it is essential to ensure they operate fairly across diverse user demographics. In this work, we show that LLMs suffer from personalization bias, where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Anvesh Rao Vijjini , Somnath Basu Roy Chowdhury , Snigdha Chaturvedi

We investigate the generalization capabilities of small language models under two popular adaptation paradigms: few-shot prompting and supervised fine-tuning. While prompting is often favored for its parameter efficiency and flexibility, it…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Rahul Raja , Arpita Vats

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) can be accurately fine-tuned for downstream text processing tasks. Recently, researchers have introduced several parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods that optimize input prompts or adjust a small number…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Saeed Najafi , Alona Fyshe

Neural language models (LMs) are vulnerable to training data extraction attacks due to data memorization. This paper introduces a novel attack scenario wherein an attacker adversarially fine-tunes pre-trained LMs to amplify the exposure of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Myung Gyo Oh , Hong Eun Ahn , Leo Hyun Park , Taekyoung Kwon