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We present PORTAL, a novel framework for developing artificial intelligence agents capable of playing thousands of 3D video games through language-guided policy generation. By transforming decision-making problems into language modeling…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Zhongwen Xu , Xianliang Wang , Siyi Li , Tao Yu , Liang Wang , Qiang Fu , Wei Yang

We approach the problem of understanding how people interact with each other in collaborative settings, especially when individuals know little about their teammates, via Multiagent Inverse Reinforcement Learning (MIRL), where the goal is…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-12-20 Haochen Wu , Pedro Sequeira , David V. Pynadath

Existing language agents often encounter difficulties in dynamic adversarial games due to poor strategic reasoning. To mitigate this limitation, a promising approach is to allow agents to learn from game interactions automatically, without…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Yikai Zhang , Ye Rong , Siyu Yuan , Jiangjie Chen , Jian Xie , Yanghua Xiao

Reasoning is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to comprehend, analyze, and solve complex problems. In this paper, we introduce TextGames, an innovative benchmark specifically crafted to assess LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-26 Frederikus Hudi , Genta Indra Winata , Ruochen Zhang , Alham Fikri Aji

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a principled framework for improving Vision-Language Models (VLMs) on complex reasoning tasks. However, existing RL approaches often rely on human-annotated labels or task-specific heuristics to define…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Yicheng He , Chengsong Huang , Zongxia Li , Jiaxin Huang , Yonghui Yang

In this paper, we formulate inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) as an expert-learner interaction whereby the optimal performance intent of an expert or target agent is unknown to a learner agent. The learner observes the states and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-01-06 Wenqian Xue , Bosen Lian , Jialu Fan , Tianyou Chai , Frank L. Lewis

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in games has gained significant momentum in recent years, enabling the creation of different agent behaviors that can transform a player's gaming experience. However, deploying RL agents in production…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 António Afonso , Iolanda Leite , Alessandro Sestini , Florian Fuchs , Konrad Tollmar , Linus Gisslén

User simulators serve as the critical interactive environment for agent post-training, and an ideal user simulator generalizes across domains and proactively engages in negotiation by challenging or bargaining. However, current methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-15 Feng Zhang , Shijia Li , Chunmao Zhang , Zhanyu Ma , Jun Xu , Jiuchong Gao , Jinghua Hao , Renqing He , Jingwen Xu , Han Liu

Recent research on Reasoning of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sought to further enhance their performance by integrating meta-thinking -- enabling models to monitor, evaluate, and control their reasoning processes for more adaptive and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Ziyu Wan , Yunxiang Li , Xiaoyu Wen , Yan Song , Hanjing Wang , Linyi Yang , Mark Schmidt , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang , Shuyue Hu , Ying Wen

Conventional language model (LM) safety alignment relies on a reactive, disjoint procedure: attackers exploit a static model, followed by defensive fine-tuning to patch exposed vulnerabilities. This sequential approach creates a mismatch --…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Mickel Liu , Liwei Jiang , Yancheng Liang , Simon Shaolei Du , Yejin Choi , Tim Althoff , Natasha Jaques

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in multi-step reasoning and problem-solving.Recent works introduce multi-agent reflection frameworks where multiple LLM agents critique and refine each other's outputs using…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Yuanhao Li , Mingshan Liu , Hongbo Wang , Yiding Zhang , Yifei Ma , Wei Tan

Reinforcement learning algorithms such as Q-learning have shown great promise in training models to learn the optimal action to take for a given system state; a goal in applications with an exploratory or adversarial nature such as…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2020-04-08 Xusen Yin , Jonathan May

We present Seir\^enes, a self-play RL framework that transforms contextual interference from a failure mode of LLM reasoning into an internal training signal for co-evolving more resilient reasoners. While RL with verifiable rewards has…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-13 Chi Zhang , Haibo Qiu , Qiming Zhang , Yufei Xu , Xinbo Gao , Jing Zhang

Making sophisticated, robust, and safe sequential decisions is at the heart of intelligent systems. This is especially critical for planning in complex multi-agent environments, where agents need to anticipate other agents' intentions and…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2020-01-29 Yichuan Charlie Tang

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently achieved tremendous successes in many artificial intelligence applications. Many of the forefront applications of RL involve multiple agents, e.g., playing chess and Go games, autonomous driving, and…

计算机科学与博弈论 · 计算机科学 2021-11-24 Asuman Ozdaglar , Muhammed O. Sayin , Kaiqing Zhang

Multi-agent systems have evolved into practical LLM-driven collaborators for many applications, gaining robustness from diversity and cross-checking. However, multi-agent RL (MARL) training is resource-intensive and unstable: co-adapting…

Reinforcement learning is critical to improving large reasoning models, but its success relies heavily on verifiable rewards (RLVR), making it hard to use in open-ended domains where correctness is ambiguous and cannot be verified.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Yifan Wang , Bolian Li , David Cho , Ruqi Zhang , Fanping Sui , Ananth Grama

The reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) have been substantially improved by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). At test time, collaborative reasoning through Multi-Agent Debate (MAD) has emerged as a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Chenxi Liu , Yanshuo Chen , Ruibo Chen , Tianyi Xiong , Tong Zheng , Heng Huang

Humans rapidly learn abstract knowledge when encountering novel environments and flexibly deploy this knowledge to guide efficient and intelligent action. Can modern AI systems learn and plan in a similar way? We study this question using a…

We study the problem of training a principal in a multi-agent general-sum game using reinforcement learning (RL). Learning a robust principal policy requires anticipating the worst possible strategic responses of other agents, which is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-21 Eric Zhao , Alexander R. Trott , Caiming Xiong , Stephan Zheng