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Quantum correlations arising in Bell experiments, involving a physical source that emits a quantum state to a number of observers, have been intensively studied over the last decades. Much less is known about the nature of quantum…

We describe a scheme to demonstrate the nonlocal properties of a single particle by showing a violation of Bell's inequality. The scheme is experimentally achievable as the only inputs are number states and mixed states, which serve as…

The Bell inequality, and its substantial experimental violation, offers a seminal paradigm for showing that the world is not in fact locally realistic. Here, going beyond the scope of Bell's inequality on physical states, we show that…

Research in the application of quantum structures to cognitive science confirms that these structures quite systematically appear in the dynamics of concepts and their combinations and quantum-based models faithfully represent experimental…

As a very fundamental principle in quantum physics, uncertainty principle has been studied intensively via various uncertainty inequalities. Based on the information measure introduced by Brukner and Zeilinger in [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 3354…

Locality and realism are two main assumptions in deriving Bell's inequalities. Though the experimentally demonstrated violations of Bell's inequalities rule out local realism, it is, however, not clear what role each of the two assumptions…

Bell inequality is a mathematical inequality derived using the assumptions of locality and realism. Its violation guarantees the existence of quantum correlations in a quantum state. Bell inequality acts as an entanglement witness in the…

Explaining observations in terms of causes and effects is central to all of empirical science. Correlations between entangled quantum particles, however, seem to defy such an explanation. To recover a causal picture in this case, some of…

Nonlocality and quantum entanglement constitute two special aspects of the quantum correlations existing in quantum systems, which are of paramount importance in quantum-information theory. Traditionally, they have been regarded as…

The observation of quantum nonlocality, i.e. quantum correlations violating a Bell inequality, implies the use of incompatible local quantum measurements. Here we consider the converse question. That is, can any set of incompatible…

The locality issue of quantum mechanics is a key issue to a proper understanding of quantum physics and beyond. What has been commonly emphasized as quantum nonlocality has received an inspiring examination through the notion of Heisenberg…

Here it is shown that the simplest description of Bell's experiment according to the canon of von Neumann's theory of measurement explicitly assumes the (Quantum Mechanics-language equivalent of the classical) condition of Locality. This…

Experimental tests of Bell-type inequalities distinguishing between quantum mechanics and local realistic theories remain of considerable interest if performed on massive particles, for which no conclusive result has yet been obtained. Only…

In a recent paper published last october 2015 by B.Hensen et al. [1] and in two companion papers published last december 2015 by B.Hensen et al. [2] and by L. Shalm et al. [3], the authors describe beautiful and complex experiments aimed at…

The 1964 theorem of John Bell shows that no model that reproduces the predictions of quantum mechanics can simultaneously satisfy the assumptions of locality and determinism. On the other hand, the assumptions of \emph{signal locality} plus…

Uncertainty principle is one of the central concepts in quantum theory. Different forms of this particular principle have been discoursed in various foundational and information theoretic topics. In the discrete input-output scenario the…

The no-signalling principle is a fundamental assumption in Bell-inequality and quantum-steering experiments. Nonetheless, experimental imperfections can lead to apparent violations beyond those expected from finite-sample statistics. Here,…

Scientific inquiry seeks causal explanations of observed phenomena. The Bell experiment provides a paradigmatic case, revealing correlations between spatially separated systems that no local model can reproduce. Such correlations, known as…

Most working scientists hold fast to the concept of 'realism' - a viewpoint according to which an external reality exists independent of observation. But quantum physics has shattered some of our cornerstone beliefs. According to Bell's…

Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is formulated for a set of generalized measurements within the framework of majorization theory, resulting in a partial uncertainty order on probability vectors that is stronger than those based on…