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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in reasoning tasks through test-time scaling methods like self-consistency with majority voting. However, this approach often leads to diminishing returns in accuracy and high…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Yichao Fu , Xuewei Wang , Yuandong Tian , Jiawei Zhao

Large Language Model (LLM) watermarking is crucial for establishing the provenance of machine-generated text, but most existing methods rely on a centralized trust model. This model forces users to reveal potentially sensitive text to a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Xiaokun Luan , Yihao Zhang , Pengcheng Su , Feiran Lei , Meng Sun

The last two years have seen a rapid growth in concerns around the safety of large language models (LLMs). Researchers and practitioners have met these concerns by creating an abundance of datasets for evaluating and improving LLM safety.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-13 Paul Röttger , Fabio Pernisi , Bertie Vidgen , Dirk Hovy

Identity verification is the process of confirming an individual's claimed identity, which is essential in sectors like finance, healthcare, and online services to ensure security and prevent fraud. However, current password/PIN-based…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-22 Yao Ma , Wen Yu Kon , Jefferson Chu , Kevin Han Yong Loh , Kaushik Chakraborty , Charles Lim

Privacy issues arise prominently during the inappropriate transmission of information between entities. Existing research primarily studies privacy by exploring various privacy attacks, defenses, and evaluations within narrowly predefined…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Wei Fan , Haoran Li , Zheye Deng , Weiqi Wang , Yangqiu Song

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit powerful capabilities but risk memorizing sensitive personally identifiable information (PII) from their training data, posing significant privacy concerns. While machine unlearning techniques aim to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-23 Xinjie Zhou , Zhihui Yang , Lechao Cheng , Sai Wu , Gang Chen

Large Language Models are typically trained on datasets collected from the web, which may inadvertently contain harmful or sensitive personal information. To address growing privacy concerns, unlearning methods have been proposed to remove…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-23 Xiaoyu Wu , Yifei Pang , Terrance Liu , Zhiwei Steven Wu

The substantial investment required to develop Large Language Models (LLMs) makes them valuable intellectual property, raising significant concerns about copyright protection. LLM fingerprinting has emerged as a key technique to address…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-22 Shuo Shao , Yiming Li , Hongwei Yao , Yifei Chen , Yuchen Yang , Zhan Qin

We study the feasibility of identifying epistemic uncertainty (reflecting a lack of knowledge), as opposed to aleatoric uncertainty (reflecting entropy in the underlying distribution), in the outputs of large language models (LLMs) over…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-02-28 Gustaf Ahdritz , Tian Qin , Nikhil Vyas , Boaz Barak , Benjamin L. Edelman

A Zero-Knowledge Protocol (ZKP) allows one party to convince another party of a fact without disclosing any extra knowledge except the validity of the fact. For example, it could be used to allow a customer to prove their identity to a…

量子物理 · 物理学 2023-04-20 Claude Crépeau , John Stuart

With the ever-growing data and the need for developing powerful machine learning models, data owners increasingly depend on various untrusted platforms (e.g., public clouds, edges, and machine learning service providers) for scalable…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-15 Sagar Sharma , Keke Chen

Fine-tuning on open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) with proprietary data is now a standard practice for downstream developers to obtain task-specific LLMs. Surprisingly, we reveal a new and concerning risk along with the practice: the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-06 Zhexin Zhang , Yuhao Sun , Junxiao Yang , Shiyao Cui , Yuanchao Zhang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable generative capabilities but raise ethical and security concerns by memorizing sensitive data, reinforcing biases, and producing harmful content. These risks have spurred interest in LLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Changsheng Wang , Yihua Zhang , Dennis Wei , Jinghan Jia , Pin-Yu Chen , Sijia Liu

The emergence of ChatGPT marks the arrival of the large language model (LLM) era. While LLMs demonstrate their power in a variety of fields, they also raise serious privacy concerns as the users' queries are sent to the model provider. On…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-05-30 Fei Zheng , Chaochao Chen , Zhongxuan Han , Xiaolin Zheng

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating natural language. However, these models can inadvertently memorize private information, posing significant privacy risks. This study addresses the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-17 Zhenhua Liu , Tong Zhu , Chuanyuan Tan , Wenliang Chen

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable advancements, drawing significant attention from the research community. Their capabilities are largely attributed to large-scale architectures, which require extensive…

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been driven by extensive datasets that may contain sensitive information, raising serious privacy concerns. One notable threat is the Membership Inference Attack (MIA), where…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Yihan Liao , Jacky Keung , Xiaoxue Ma , Jingyu Zhang , Yicheng Sun

The rapid evolution and use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in professional workflows require an evaluation of their domain-specific knowledge against industry standards. We introduceCyberCertBench, a new suite of Multiple Choice Question…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Gustav Keppler , Ghada Elbez , Veit Hagenmeyer

Data duplication within large-scale corpora often impedes large language models' (LLMs) performance and privacy. In privacy-concerned federated learning scenarios, conventional deduplication methods typically rely on trusted third parties…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-12 Pukang Ye , Junwei Luo , Xiaolei Dong , Yunbo Yang

As the dawn of sixth-generation (6G) networking approaches, it promises unprecedented advancements in communication and automation. Among the leading innovations of 6G is the concept of Zero Touch Networks (ZTNs), aiming to achieve fully…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-21 Abubakar S. Ali , Dimitrios Michael Manias , Abdallah Shami , Sami Muhaidat