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Recent studies demonstrate that Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to different prompt-based attacks, generating harmful content or sensitive information. Both closed-source and open-source LLMs are underinvestigated for these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-21 Jiawen Wang , Pritha Gupta , Ivan Habernal , Eyke Hüllermeier

The widespread of generative artificial intelligence has heightened concerns about the potential harms posed by AI-generated texts, primarily stemming from factoid, unfair, and toxic content. Previous researchers have invested much effort…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-24 Shiyao Cui , Zhenyu Zhang , Yilong Chen , Wenyuan Zhang , Tianyun Liu , Siqi Wang , Tingwen Liu

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has emerged as a powerful technique for enhancing large language models' capabilities by generating intermediate reasoning steps for complex tasks. A common practice for equipping LLMs with reasoning is to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-29 Harsh Chaudhari , Ethan Rathbun , Hanna Foerster , Jamie Hayes , Matthew Jagielski , Milad Nasr , Ilia Shumailov , Alina Oprea

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding, reasoning, and problem-solving across various domains. However, their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning task-essential…

Large Language Models (LLMs) presents significant priority in text understanding and generation. However, LLMs suffer from the risk of generating harmful contents especially while being employed to applications. There are several black-box…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-11 Chengyuan Liu , Fubang Zhao , Lizhi Qing , Yangyang Kang , Changlong Sun , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various applications by providing advanced natural language processing capabilities. However, this innovation introduces new cybersecurity challenges. This paper explores the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-18 Stephen Burabari Tete

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve strong performance on many tasks by producing step-by-step reasoning before giving a final output, often referred to as chain-of-thought reasoning (CoT). It is tempting to interpret these CoT…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-12 Miles Turpin , Julian Michael , Ethan Perez , Samuel R. Bowman

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible capabilities and transcended the natural language processing (NLP) community, with adoption throughout many services like healthcare, therapy, education, and customer service. Since users…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-04-12 Ameet Deshpande , Vishvak Murahari , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Ashwin Kalyan , Karthik Narasimhan

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their impressive capabilities across domains, have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Prior backdoor strategies predominantly operate at the token level, where an injected trigger causes…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Vu Tuan Truong , Long Bao Le

Recent years have witnessed significant progress in large language models' (LLMs) reasoning, which is largely due to the chain-of-thought (CoT) approaches, allowing models to generate intermediate reasoning steps before reaching the final…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Zuoli Tang , Junjie Ou , Kaiqin Hu , Chunwei Wu , Zhaoxin Huan , Chilin Fu , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Zhou , Chenliang Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to their extensive global deployment, and ensuring their safety calls for comprehensive and multilingual toxicity evaluations. However, existing toxicity benchmarks are overwhelmingly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Devansh Jain , Priyanshu Kumar , Samuel Gehman , Xuhui Zhou , Thomas Hartvigsen , Maarten Sap

With the recent unprecedented advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing, progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) is accelerating rapidly, presenting challenges in establishing clear guidelines, particularly in the field of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Nafis Tanveer Islam , Joseph Khoury , Andrew Seong , Elias Bou-Harb , Peyman Najafirad

Large language models (LLMs) employ safety mechanisms to prevent harmful outputs, yet these defenses primarily rely on semantic pattern matching. We show that encoding harmful prompts as coherent mathematical problems -- using formalisms…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Haoyu Zhang , Mohammad Zandsalimy , Shanu Sushmita

The reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on a wide range of problems critically relies on chain-of-thought prompting, which involves providing a few chain of thought demonstrations as exemplars in prompts. Recent work,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-08 Sijia Chen , Baochun Li , Di Niu

In this work, we designed unbiased prompts to systematically evaluate the psychological safety of large language models (LLMs). First, we tested five different LLMs by using two personality tests: Short Dark Triad (SD-3) and Big Five…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-01 Xingxuan Li , Yutong Li , Lin Qiu , Shafiq Joty , Lidong Bing

The remarkable capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) make them increasingly compelling for adoption in real-world healthcare applications. However, the risks associated with using LLMs in medical applications have not been…

Despite the impressive performance of general-purpose large language models (LLMs), they often require fine-tuning or post-training to excel at specific tasks. For instance, large reasoning models (LRMs), such as the DeepSeek-R1 series,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Mingjie Li , Wai Man Si , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang , Yisen Wang

As large language models (LLMs) rapidly evolve, they bring significant conveniences to our work and daily lives, but also introduce considerable safety risks. These models can generate texts with social biases or unethical content, and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-30 Zhihao Liu , Chenhui Hu

The spread of toxic content online is an important problem that has adverse effects on user experience online and in our society at large. Motivated by the importance and impact of the problem, research focuses on developing solutions to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-11 Xinlei He , Savvas Zannettou , Yun Shen , Yang Zhang