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Maintaining an acceptable level of quality of service in modern complex systems is challenging, particularly in the presence of various forms of uncertainty caused by changing execution context, unpredicted events, etc. Although…

Orthogonality is a discipline of programming that in a syntactic manner guarantees determinism of functional specifications. Essentially, orthogonality avoids, on the one side, the inherent ambiguity of non determinism, prohibiting the…

Popular process models such as the Rational Unified Process or the V-Modell XT are by nature large and complex. Each time that a new release is published software development organizations are confronted with the big challenge of…

With the recent wave of progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has come a growing awareness of the large-scale impacts of AI systems, and recognition that existing regulations and norms in industry and academia are insufficient to ensure…

This paper presents a comprehensive overview of model validation practices and advancement in the banking industry based on the experience of managing Model Risk Management (MRM) since the inception of regulatory guidance SR11-7/OCC11-12…

In this paper we define a class of polynomial functors suited for constructing coalgebras representing processes in which uncertainty plays an important role. In these polynomial functors we include upper and lower probability measures,…

The automated generation of agentic workflows is a promising frontier for enabling large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks. However, our investigation reveals that the robustness of agentic workflow remains a critical,…

Observable operator models (OOMs) offer a powerful framework for modelling stochastic processes, surpassing the traditional hidden Markov models (HMMs) in generality and efficiency. However, using OOMs to model infinite-dimensional…

The validation of requirements is a fundamental step in the development process of safety-critical systems. In safety critical applications such as aerospace, avionics and railways, the use of formal methods is of paramount importance both…

We introduce a model of probabilistic verification in mechanism design. The principal elicits a message from the agent and then selects a test to give the agent. The agent's true type determines the probability with which he can pass each…

This paper explores the parallels between Thompson's "Reflections on Trusting Trust" and modern challenges in LLM-based code generation. We examine how Thompson's insights about compiler backdoors take on new relevance in the era of large…

It is important to have multi-agent robotic system specifications that ensure correctness properties of safety and liveness. As these systems have concurrency, and often have dynamic environment, the formal specification and verification of…

Recent studies have adopted pre-trained language models, such as CodeT5 and CodeGPT, for automated program generation tasks like code generation, repair, and translation. Numerous language model-based approaches have been proposed and…

Textual explanations have proved to help improve user satisfaction on machine-made recommendations. However, current mainstream solutions loosely connect the learning of explanation with the learning of recommendation: for example, they are…

We present a new type system with support for proofs of programs in a call-by-value language with control operators. The proof mechanism relies on observational equivalence of (untyped) programs. It appears in two type constructors, which…

A control system verification framework is presented for unmanned aerial vehicles using theorem proving. The framework's aim is to set out a procedure for proving that the mathematically designed control system of the aircraft satisfies…

The programming language Prolog makes declarative programming possible, at least to a substantial extent. Programs may be written and reasoned about in terms of their declarative semantics. All the advantages of declarative programming are…

Synchronous systems provide a basic model of embedded systems and industrial systems are modeled as Simulink diagrams and/or Lustre programs. Although the test generation problem is critical in the development of safe systems, it often…

Reasoning about safety, security, and other dependability attributes of autonomous systems is a challenge that needs to be addressed before the adoption of such systems in day-to-day life. Formal methods is a class of methods that…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant advances in natural language processing, but their underlying mechanisms are often misunderstood. Despite exhibiting coherent answers and apparent reasoning behaviors, LLMs rely on…