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LLMs have fundamentally transformed dense retrieval, upgrading backbones from discriminative encoders to generative architectures. However, a critical disconnect remains: while LLMs possess strong reasoning capabilities, current retrievers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Jiajie Jin , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Yutao Zhu , Zhicheng Dou

Step-by-step reasoning approaches like chain of thought (CoT) have proved to be very effective in inducing reasoning capabilities in large language models. However, the success of the CoT approach is fundamentally tied to the model size,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-19 Kumar Shridhar , Alessandro Stolfo , Mrinmaya Sachan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has unlocked advanced reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) with intermediate steps, yet incurs prohibitive computational costs due to generation of extra tokens. Recent studies empirically show that…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Juncai Li , Ru Li , Yuxiang Zhou , Boxiang Ma , Jeff Z. Pan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in tasks requiring reasoning and multi-step problem-solving through the use of chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting. However, generating the full CoT process results in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-16 Tianqiao Liu , Zui Chen , Zitao Liu , Mi Tian , Weiqi Luo

While explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) equips Large Language Models (LLMs) with strong reasoning capabilities, it requires models to verbalize every intermediate step in text tokens, constraining the model thoughts to the discrete vocabulary…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Weihao Liu , Dehai Min , Lu Cheng

Explicit Chain-of-Thought improves the reasoning performance of large language models but often incurs high inference cost due to verbose token-level traces. While recent approaches reduce this overhead via concise prompting or step…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Yunlong Chu , Minglai Shao , Yuhang Liu , Bing Hao , Yumeng Lin , Jialu Wang , Ruijie Wang

Requiring a large language model (LLM) to generate intermediary reasoning steps, known as Chain of Thought (CoT), has been shown to be an effective way of boosting performance. Previous approaches have focused on generating multiple…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-28 Haritz Puerto , Tilek Chubakov , Xiaodan Zhu , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Iryna Gurevych

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm, while enhancing the interpretability of Large Language Models (LLMs), is constrained by the inefficiencies and expressive limits of natural language. Latent Chain-of-Thought (latent CoT) reasoning, which…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Xiaocheng Luo , Kang Wang , Zaifu Zhan , Yuechi Zhou , Xiangyu Duan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities through \emph{Chain-of-Thought} (CoT) prompting, which enables step-by-step intermediate reasoning. However, explicit CoT methods rely on discrete token-level…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Zhikang Chen , Sen Cui , Deheng Ye , Yu Zhang , Yatao Bian , Tingting Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve superior performance through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but these token-level reasoning chains are computationally expensive and inefficient. In this paper, we introduce Compressed Latent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-04 Wenhui Tan , Jiaze Li , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Ruihua Song , Jian Luan

Recently, diffusion models have garnered significant interest in the field of text processing due to their many potential advantages compared to conventional autoregressive models. In this work, we propose Diffusion-of-Thought (DoT), a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Jiacheng Ye , Shansan Gong , Liheng Chen , Lin Zheng , Jiahui Gao , Han Shi , Chuan Wu , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Wei Bi , Lingpeng Kong

Long chain-of-thought~(CoT) has become a dominant paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capability of large reasoning models~(LRMs); however, the performance gains often come with a substantial increase in reasoning budget. Recent studies…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Jie Cao , Tianwei Lin , Zhenxuan Fan , Bo Yuan , Ziyuan Zhao , Rolan Yan , Wenqiao Zhang , Siliang Tang

Effective relevance modeling is crucial for e-commerce search, as it aligns search results with user intent and enhances customer experience. Recent work has leveraged large language models (LLMs) to address the limitations of traditional…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Baopu Qiu , Hao Chen , Yuanrong Wu , Changtong Zan , Chao Wei , Weiru Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced their reasoning abilities, enabling increasingly complex tasks. However, these capabilities often diminish in smaller, more computationally efficient models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Yong Zhang , Bingyuan Zhang , Zhitao Li , Ming Li , Ning Cheng , Minchuan Chen , Tao Wei , Jun Ma , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Large reasoning models (LRMs) generate chain-of-thought (CoT) traces before producing final outputs, introducing a dynamic internal state that may complicate control mechanisms such as refusal. Unlike instruction-tuned LLMs, where refusal…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Kia-Jüng Yang , Dominik Meier , Jiachen Zhao , Terry Ruas , Bela Gipp

While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), explicit reasoning chains introduce substantial computational redundancy. Recent latent reasoning methods attempt to mitigate this by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Fanmeng Wang , Haotian Liu , Guojiang Zhao , Hongteng Xu , Zhifeng Gao

The Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm has emerged as a critical approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, despite their widespread adoption and success, CoT methods often exhibit instability…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-09-06 Yu Wang , Shiwan Zhao , Zhihu Wang , Heyuan Huang , Ming Fan , Yubo Zhang , Zhixing Wang , Haijun Wang , Ting Liu

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

While chain-of-thought (CoT) distillation from advanced large language models (LLMs) has proven effective in general reasoning tasks, it struggles in scientific domains where even advanced models often produce incorrect or superficial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Kehua Feng , Keyan Ding , Zhihui Zhu , Lei Liang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent capabilities across diverse reasoning tasks via popular Chains-of-Thought (COT) prompting. However, such a simple and fast COT approach often encounters limitations in dealing with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Jiabao Pan , Yan Zhang , Chen Zhang , Zuozhu Liu , Hongwei Wang , Haizhou Li