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Privacy policies are widely used by digital services and often required for legal purposes. Many machine learning based classifiers have been developed to automate detection of different concepts in a given privacy policy, which can help…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-24 Yuxin Chen , Peng Tang , Weidong Qiu , Shujun Li

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with local data is a widely adopted approach for organizations seeking to adapt LLMs to their specific domains. Given the shared characteristics in data across different organizations, the idea of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-26 Wenkai Guo , Xuefeng Liu , Haolin Wang , Jianwei Niu , Shaojie Tang , Jing Yuan

Traditional machine learning (ML) raises serious privacy concerns, while federated learning (FL) mitigates the risk of data leakage by keeping data on local devices. However, the training process of FL can still leak sensitive information,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-13 Heqing Ren , Chao Feng , Alberto Huertas , Burkhard Stiller

Large Language Models (LLMs) have a privacy concern because they memorize training data (including personally identifiable information (PII) like emails and phone numbers) and leak it during inference. A company can train an LLM on its…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-07-21 Jaydeep Borkar

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-scale corpora, raising growing concerns about privacy and copyright. Membership inference attacks (MIAs) aim to determine whether a given example was used during training. Existing LLM…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Ravi Ranjan , Utkarsh Grover , Xiaomin Lin , Agoritsa Polyzou

Membership Inference Attack (MIA) aims to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training dataset of a target model. Traditional MIA approaches rely on shadow models to mimic target model behavior, but their…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 Li Cuihong , Huang Xiaowen , Yin Chuanhuan , Sang Jitao

Instruction tuning has proven effective in enhancing Large Language Models' (LLMs) performance on downstream tasks. However, real-world fine-tuning faces inherent conflicts between model providers' intellectual property protection, clients'…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-22 Haonan Shi , Tu Ouyang , An Wang

Language Models as a Service (LMaaS) offers convenient access for developers and researchers to perform inference using pre-trained language models. Nonetheless, the input data and the inference results containing private information are…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-14 Yixiang Yao , Fei Wang , Srivatsan Ravi , Muhao Chen

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) pose a serious threat to the privacy of machine learning models by allowing adversaries to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training set. Although federated learning (FL) is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Mohammad Zare , Pirooz Shamsinejadbabaki

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) act as a crucial auditing tool for the opaque training data of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, existing techniques predominantly rely on inaccessible model internals (e.g., logits) or suffer from…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Jiatong Yi , Yanyang Li

How much information about training samples can be leaked through synthetic data generated by Large Language Models (LLMs)? Overlooking the subtleties of information flow in synthetic data generation pipelines can lead to a false sense of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-13 Matthieu Meeus , Lukas Wutschitz , Santiago Zanella-Béguelin , Shruti Tople , Reza Shokri

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are an integral part of modern AI that have led to breakthrough performances in complex AI tasks. Major AI companies with expensive infrastructures are able to develop and train these large models…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2023-05-02 Rouzbeh Behnia , Mohamamdreza Ebrahimi , Jason Pacheco , Balaji Padmanabhan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in natural language understanding, reasoning, and autonomous decision-making. However, these advancements have also come with significant privacy concerns. While significant…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Yuntao Du , Zitao Li , Ninghui Li , Bolin Ding

Recently, adapting the idea of self-supervised learning (SSL) on continuous speech has started gaining attention. SSL models pre-trained on a huge amount of unlabeled audio can generate general-purpose representations that benefit a wide…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2022-08-16 Wei-Cheng Tseng , Wei-Tsung Kao , Hung-yi Lee

Machine learning models are known to leak sensitive information, as they inevitably memorize (parts of) their training data. More alarmingly, large language models (LLMs) are now trained on nearly all available data, which amplifies the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Jiashu Tao , Reza Shokri

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has been driven by extensive datasets that may contain sensitive information, raising serious privacy concerns. One notable threat is the Membership Inference Attack (MIA), where…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-17 Yihan Liao , Jacky Keung , Xiaoxue Ma , Jingyu Zhang , Yicheng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into cyber security applications presents both opportunities and critical safety risks. We introduce CyberLLMInstruct, a dataset of 54,928 pseudo-malicious instruction-response pairs spanning…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-18 Adel ElZemity , Budi Arief , Shujun Li

Federated Large Language Models (FedLLMs) enable multiple parties to collaboratively fine-tune LLMs without sharing raw data, addressing challenges of limited resources and privacy concerns. Despite data localization, shared gradients can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Guilin Deng , Silong Chen , Yuchuan Luo , Yi Liu , Songlei Wang , Zhiping Cai , Lin Liu , Xiaohua Jia , Shaojing Fu

Membership inference attacks (MIA) aim to infer whether a particular data point is part of the training dataset of a model. In this paper, we propose a new task in the context of LLM privacy: entity-level discovery of membership risk…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Ali Satvaty , Suzan Verberne , Fatih Turkmen