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The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into robotics has revolutionized their ability to interpret complex human commands and execute sophisticated tasks. However, such paradigm shift introduces critical security vulnerabilities…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in interactive and retrieval-augmented systems, but they remain vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where injected secondary prompts force the model to deviate from the user's…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-02 Md Jahedur Rahman , Ihsen Alouani

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly equipped with capabilities of real-time web search and integrated with protocols like Model Context Protocol (MCP). This extension could introduce new security vulnerabilities. We present a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Shuhang Lin , Chong Zhang , Yongfeng Zhang , Yao Liu , Lingyao Li

Direct Prompt Injection (DPI) attacks pose a critical security threat to Large Language Models (LLMs) due to their low barrier of execution and high potential damage. To address the impracticality of existing white-box/gray-box methods and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-10 Minghui Li , Hao Zhang , Yechao Zhang , Wei Wan , Shengshan Hu , pei Xiaobing , Jing Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), offering transformative capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, with their rising prominence, the…

Current evaluations of defenses against prompt attacks in large language model (LLM) applications often overlook two critical factors: the dynamic nature of adversarial behavior and the usability penalties imposed on legitimate users by…

We present a novel approach for attacking black-box large language models (LLMs) by exploiting their ability to express confidence in natural language. Existing black-box attacks require either access to continuous model outputs like logits…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Meng Ding , Yang Liu , Jue Hong , Florian Tramèr

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to attacks like prompt injection, backdoor attacks, and adversarial attacks, which manipulate prompts or models to generate harmful outputs. In this paper, departing from traditional deep learning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Huawei Lin , Yingjie Lao , Tong Geng , Tan Yu , Weijie Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) become an important way of information access, there have been increasing concerns that LLMs may intensify the spread of unethical content, including implicit bias that hurts certain populations without…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-14 Yuchen Wen , Keping Bi , Wei Chen , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

The safety and robustness of large language models (LLMs) based applications remain critical challenges in artificial intelligence. Among the key threats to these applications are prompt hacking attacks, which can significantly undermine…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-21 Baha Rababah , Shang , Wu , Matthew Kwiatkowski , Carson Leung , Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora

Prompt injection attacks can compromise the security and stability of critical systems, from infrastructure to large web applications. This work curates and augments a prompt injection dataset based on the HackAPrompt Playground Submissions…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-16 Safwan Shaheer , G. M. Refatul Islam , Mohammad Rafid Hamid , Md. Abrar Faiaz Khan , Md. Omar Faruk , Yaseen Nur

Large language models (LLMs) have seen significant advancements, achieving superior performance in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, from understanding to reasoning. However, they remain vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-28 Chen Chen , Yuchen Sun , Xueluan Gong , Jiaxin Gao , Kwok-Yan Lam

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents have been widely deployed in a wide range of applications in the real world, including healthcare diagnostics, financial analysis, customer support, robotics, and autonomous driving,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Wenrui Xu , Keshab K. Parhi

While convenient, relying on LLM-powered code assistants in day-to-day work gives rise to severe attacks. For instance, the assistant might introduce subtle flaws and suggest vulnerable code to the user. These adversarial code-suggestions…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-15 Karl Rubel , Maximilian Noppel , Christian Wressnegger

AI agents aim to solve complex tasks by combining text-based reasoning with external tool calls. Unfortunately, AI agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks where data returned by external tools hijacks the agent to execute…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Edoardo Debenedetti , Jie Zhang , Mislav Balunović , Luca Beurer-Kellner , Marc Fischer , Florian Tramèr

Large language model (LLM) systems increasingly power everyday AI applications such as chatbots, computer-use assistants, and autonomous robots, where performance often depends on manually well-crafted prompts. LLM-based prompt optimizers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-14 Andrew Zhao , Reshmi Ghosh , Vitor Carvalho , Emily Lawton , Keegan Hines , Gao Huang , Jack W. Stokes

While automated vulnerability detection techniques have made promising progress in detecting security vulnerabilities, their scalability and applicability remain challenging. The remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), such…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-24 Avishree Khare , Saikat Dutta , Ziyang Li , Alaia Solko-Breslin , Rajeev Alur , Mayur Naik

LLM-integrated applications and agents are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks, where an attacker injects prompts into their inputs to induce attacker-desired outputs. A detection method aims to determine whether a given input is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Yupei Liu , Yuqi Jia , Jinyuan Jia , Dawn Song , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

The strong planning and reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have fostered the development of agent-based systems capable of leveraging external tools and interacting with increasingly complex environments. However, these…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Zhun Wang , Vincent Siu , Zhe Ye , Tianneng Shi , Yuzhou Nie , Xuandong Zhao , Chenguang Wang , Wenbo Guo , Dawn Song

Large language model (LLM) agents are widely deployed in real-world applications, where they leverage tools to retrieve and manipulate external data for complex tasks. However, when interacting with untrusted data sources (e.g., fetching…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-22 Hengyu An , Jinghuai Zhang , Tianyu Du , Chunyi Zhou , Qingming Li , Tao Lin , Shouling Ji