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The evolution of Large Language Models from the Transformer architecture to models with trillions of parameters has shifted the primary bottleneck from model training to real time inference. Deploying these massive models is a complex…

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed the way computers understand and process human language, but using them effectively across different organizations remains still difficult. When organizations work together to improve LLMs, they…

Decentralized training has become a resource-efficient framework to democratize the training of large language models (LLMs). However, the privacy risks associated with this framework, particularly due to the potential inclusion of…

Language Models as a Service (LMaaS) offers convenient access for developers and researchers to perform inference using pre-trained language models. Nonetheless, the input data and the inference results containing private information are…

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has driven the widespread adoption of cloud-based LLM inference services, while also bringing prominent privacy risks associated with the transmission and processing of private data in…

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have dramatically improved performance on a wide range of tasks, driving rapid enterprise adoption. Yet, the cost of adopting these AI services is understudied. Unlike traditional software…

State-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed as online services, requiring users to transmit detailed prompts to cloud servers. This raises significant privacy concerns. In response, we introduce ConfusionPrompt, a…

Split Federated Learning (SFL) has emerged as an efficient alternative to traditional Federated Learning (FL) by reducing client-side computation through model partitioning. However, exchanging of intermediate activations and model updates…

Architectural obfuscation - e.g., permuting hidden-state tensors, linearly transforming embedding tables, or remapping tokens - has recently gained traction as a lightweight substitute for heavyweight cryptography in privacy-preserving…

While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities across numerous applications, their robustness remains a critical concern. This paper is motivated by a specific vulnerability: the order sensitivity of LLMs. This…

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous industries and transformed the way society operates. Its widespread use has led to the distribution of AI and its underlying data across many intelligent systems. In this…

Recent capability increases in large language models (LLMs) open up applications in which groups of communicating generative AI agents solve joint tasks. This poses privacy and security challenges concerning the unauthorised sharing of…

Federated Learning (FL) emerged as a learning method to enable the server to train models over data distributed among various clients. These clients are protective about their data being leaked to the server, any other client, or an…

The potential for large language models (LLMs) to hide messages within plain text (steganography) poses a challenge to detection and thwarting of unaligned AI agents, and undermines faithfulness of LLMs reasoning. We explore the…

In recent years, the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) has attracted increasing attention due to their potential in a variety of practical applications. The application of…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be a great success in a wide range of applications ranging from regular NLP-based use cases to AI agents. LLMs have been trained on a vast corpus of texts from various sources; despite the best…

Privacy has become a major concern in machine learning. In fact, the federated learning is motivated by the privacy concern as it does not allow to transmit the private data but only intermediate updates. However, federated learning does…

This paper addresses the privacy and security concerns associated with deep neural language models, which serve as crucial components in various modern AI-based applications. These models are often used after being pre-trained and…

Trained on massive publicly available data, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated tremendous success across various fields. While more data contributes to better performance, a disconcerting reality is that high-quality public data…

Split learning (SL) is a new collaborative learning technique that allows participants, e.g. a client and a server, to train machine learning models without the client sharing raw data. In this setting, the client initially applies its part…