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Large language models (LLMs) demand considerable computational, energy, and financial resources during both training and deployment. While scaling laws for training have guided much of the field's recent progress, inference costs now…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Austin R. Ellis-Mohr , Anuj K. Nayak , Lav R. Varshney

Scaling pre-training compute has proven effective for achieving mulitlinguality, but does the same hold for test-time scaling? In this work, we introduce MCLM, a multilingual math benchmark featuring competition-level problems in 55…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-04 Guijin Son , Jiwoo Hong , Hyunwoo Ko , James Thorne

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled near-human performance on software coding benchmarks, but their effectiveness in RTL code generation remains limited due to the scarcity of high-quality training data. While prior…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-07-17 Chenhui Deng , Yun-Da Tsai , Guan-Ting Liu , Zhongzhi Yu , Haoxing Ren

Test-time scaling has enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable reasoning capabilities, particularly in mathematical domains, through intermediate chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning before generating final answers. However, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Binxin Gao , Jingjun Han

Logical reasoning is a critical benchmark for evaluating the capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as it reflects their ability to derive valid conclusions from given premises. While the combination of test-time scaling with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-28 Ramya Keerthy Thatikonda , Wray Buntine , Ehsan Shareghi

Recent advancements in Large Language Models have yielded significant improvements in complex reasoning tasks such as mathematics and programming. However, these models remain heavily dependent on annotated data and exhibit limited…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-01 Jia Liu , ChangYi He , YingQiao Lin , MingMin Yang , FeiYang Shen , ShaoGuo Liu

The extrapolation capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) based on Rotary Position Embedding is currently a topic of considerable interest. The mainstream approach to addressing extrapolation with LLMs involves modifying RoPE by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-14 Xiaoran Liu , Hang Yan , Shuo Zhang , Chenxin An , Xipeng Qiu , Dahua Lin

Test-time scaling is a promising new approach to language modeling that uses extra test-time compute to improve performance. Recently, OpenAI's o1 model showed this capability but did not publicly share its methodology, leading to many…

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have exhibited the capacity of enhancing reasoning performance via internal test-time scaling. Building upon this, a promising direction is to further scale test-time compute to unlock even greater reasoning…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Jian Wang , Boyan Zhu , Chak Tou Leong , Yongqi Li , Wenjie Li

Running LLMs with extended reasoning on every problem is expensive, but determining which inputs actually require additional compute remains challenging. We investigate whether their own likelihood of success is recoverable from their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 William Lugoloobi , Thomas Foster , William Bankes , Chris Russell

With the continuous advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), intelligent agents are becoming increasingly vital. However, these agents often fail in environments governed by implicit rules--hidden constraints that cannot be observed…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Wentong Chen , Xin Cong , Zhong Zhang , Yaxi Lu , Siyuan Zhao , Yesai Wu , Qinyu Luo , Haotian Chen , Yankai Lin , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

The sequential nature of modern LLMs makes them expensive and slow, and speculative sampling has proven to be an effective solution to this problem. Methods like EAGLE perform autoregression at the feature level, reusing top-layer features…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-24 Yuhui Li , Fangyun Wei , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

Test-time compute methods can significantly improve the reasoning capabilities and problem-solving accuracy of large language models (LLMs). However, these approaches require substantially more computational resources, with most compute…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Xianzhi Li , Ethan Callanan , Abdellah Ghassel , Xiaodan Zhu

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have significantly enhanced the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO), a lightweight variant of Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO),…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Chen Wang , Lai Wei , Yanzhi Zhang , Chenyang Shao , Zedong Dan , Weiran Huang , Yuzhi Zhang , Yue Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in reasoning tasks. A key approach is tree-based search with verifiers, which expand candidate reasoning paths and use reward models to guide pruning and selection. Although…

Recent advancements in reasoning-focused language models such as OpenAI's O1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown that scaling test-time computation-through chain-of-thought reasoning and iterative exploration-can yield substantial improvements on…

Post-training techniques combined with inference-time scaling significantly enhance the reasoning and alignment capabilities of large language models (LLMs). However, a fundamental tension arises: inference-time methods benefit from diverse…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Changhao Li , Yuchen Zhuang , Chenxiao Gao , Haotian Sun , Rushi Qiang , Chao Zhang , Bo Dai

Recent work has demonstrated the remarkable potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) in test-time scaling. By making models think before answering, they are able to achieve much higher accuracy with extra inference computation. However, in…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Yi Sun , Han Wang , Jiaqiang Li , Jiacheng Liu , Xiangyu Li , Hao Wen , Yizhen Yuan , Huiwen Zheng , Yan Liang , Yuanchun Li , Yunxin Liu

Many applications of large language models (LLMs) require deductive reasoning, yet models frequently produce incorrect or redundant inference steps. We frame natural language inference as a search problem where the final answer is the valid…

Despite their success in many domains, large language models (LLMs) remain under-studied in scenarios requiring optimal decision-making under uncertainty. This is crucial as many real-world applications, ranging from personalized…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Allen Nie , Yi Su , Bo Chang , Jonathan N. Lee , Ed H. Chi , Quoc V. Le , Minmin Chen