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Fine-tuning Large Language Models with untrusted data exposes models to backdoor attacks, where poisoned samples cause targeted misbehavior. Existing sample-filtering defenses rely on clustering, which requires sufficient data and can fail…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Haodong Zhao , Tianyi Xu , Tianhang Zhao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

In-context learning (ICL) has become a powerful, data-efficient paradigm for text classification using large language models. However, its robustness against realistic adversarial threats remains largely unexplored. We introduce ICL-Evader,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Ningyuan He , Ronghong Huang , Qianqian Tang , Hongyu Wang , Xianghang Mi , Shanqing Guo

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are well-known to be vulnerable to Adversarial Examples (AEs). A large amount of efforts have been spent to launch and heat the arms race between the attackers and defenders. Recently, advanced gradient-based…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-05-29 Han Qiu , Yi Zeng , Qinkai Zheng , Tianwei Zhang , Meikang Qiu , Gerard Memmi

Recently, it has been shown that, in spite of the significant performance of deep neural networks in different fields, those are vulnerable to adversarial examples. In this paper, we propose a gradient-based adversarial attack against…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-03-14 Sahar Sadrizadeh , Ljiljana Dolamic , Pascal Frossard

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming a prominent generative AI tool, where the user enters a query and the LLM generates an answer. To reduce harm and misuse, efforts have been made to align these LLMs to human values using advanced…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-08 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

We propose gradient adversarial training, an auxiliary deep learning framework applicable to different machine learning problems. In gradient adversarial training, we leverage a prior belief that in many contexts, simultaneous gradient…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-06-22 Ayan Sinha , Zhao Chen , Vijay Badrinarayanan , Andrew Rabinovich

Recent advancements in large-scale generative models have enabled the creation of high-quality images and videos, but have also raised significant safety concerns regarding the generation of unsafe content. To mitigate this, concept erasure…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Viet Nguyen , Vishal M. Patel

We experimented with front-end enhanced neural models where a differentiable and fully convolutional model with a skip connection is added before a frozen backbone classifier. By training such composite models using a small learning rate…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-25 Leonid Boytsov , Ameya Joshi , Filipe Condessa

The vulnerability of deep neural networks to adversarial examples has drawn tremendous attention from the community. Three approaches, optimizing standard objective functions, exploiting attention maps, and smoothing decision surfaces, are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-27 Yi Huang , Adams Wai-Kin Kong

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and the intensifying popularity of ChatGPT-like applications have blurred the boundary of high-quality text generation between humans and machines. However, in addition to the anticipated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have transformed several artificial intelligence research areas including computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. However, recent studies demonstrated that DNNs are vulnerable to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2020-01-01 Xiaoyu Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant utility across various domains, they simultaneously are susceptible to exploitation for unethical purposes, including academic misconduct and dissemination of misinformation.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Navid Ayoobi , Lily Knab , Wen Cheng , David Pantoja , Hamidreza Alikhani , Sylvain Flamant , Jin Kim , Arjun Mukherjee

Transformer-based text classifiers such as BERT, RoBERTa, T5, and GPT have shown strong performance in natural language processing tasks but remain vulnerable to adversarial examples. These vulnerabilities raise significant security…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Bushra Sabir , Yansong Gao , Alsharif Abuadbba , M. Ali Babar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools for answering user queries, yet they remain highly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. Existing guardrail methods typically rely on internal features or textual responses to detect malicious…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Zikai Zhang , Rui Hu , Olivera Kotevska , Jiahao Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved human-level fluency in text generation, making it difficult to distinguish between human-written and LLM-generated texts. This poses a growing risk of misuse of LLMs and demands the development of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-02-20 Ryuto Koike , Masahiro Kaneko , Naoaki Okazaki

Box-free model watermarking has gained significant attention in deep neural network (DNN) intellectual property protection due to its model-agnostic nature and its ability to flexibly manage high-entropy image outputs from generative…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Haonan An , Guang Hua , Wei Du , Hangcheng Cao , Yihang Tao , Guowen Xu , Susanto Rahardja , Yuguang Fang

To date, traffic obfuscation techniques have been widely adopted to protect network data privacy and security by obscuring the true patterns of traffic. Nevertheless, as the pre-trained models emerge, especially transformer-based…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-25 Quanliang Jing , Xinxin Fan , Yanyan Liu , Jingping Bi

We propose the first general-purpose gradient-based attack against transformer models. Instead of searching for a single adversarial example, we search for a distribution of adversarial examples parameterized by a continuous-valued matrix,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-04-29 Chuan Guo , Alexandre Sablayrolles , Hervé Jégou , Douwe Kiela

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform impressively well in various applications. However, the potential for misuse of these models in activities such as plagiarism, generating fake news, and spamming has raised concern about their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-20 Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Aounon Kumar , Sriram Balasubramanian , Wenxiao Wang , Soheil Feizi

The rapid development of large language models has led to an increase in AI-generated text, with students increasingly using LLM-generated content as their own work, which violates academic integrity. This paper presents an evaluation of AI…