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Recent defenses for safeguarding open-weight large language models (LLMs) are intended to prevent adversarial usage. Underlying these defenses is an assumption that new harmful behavior is learned through fine-tuning rather than elicited by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Kevin Kuo , Chhavi Yadav , Virginia Smith

Large Language Models have shown impressive generative capabilities across diverse tasks, but their safety remains a critical concern. Existing post-training alignment methods, such as SFT and RLHF, reduce harmful outputs yet leave LLMs…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-21 Zhengyue Zhao , Yingzi Ma , Somesh Jha , Marco Pavone , Patrick McDaniel , Chaowei Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) face prominent security risks from jailbreaking, a practice that manipulates models to bypass built-in security constraints and generate unethical or unsafe content. Among various jailbreak techniques,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Yihao Zhang , Kai Wang , Jiangrong Wu , Haolin Wu , Yuxuan Zhou , Zeming Wei , Dongxian Wu , Xun Chen , Jun Sun , Meng Sun

Safety fine-tuning helps align Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences for their safe deployment. To better understand the underlying factors that make models safe via safety fine-tuning, we design a synthetic data generation…

While multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in recent advancements, their susceptibility to jailbreak attacks has come to light. In such attacks, adversaries exploit carefully crafted prompts to coerce…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-02-04 Ziyi Yin , Yuanpu Cao , Han Liu , Ting Wang , Jinghui Chen , Fenhlong Ma

With the widespread real-world deployment of large language models (LLMs), ensuring their behavior complies with safety standards has become crucial. Jailbreak attacks exploit vulnerabilities in LLMs to induce undesirable behavior, posing a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-26 Jiaqi Wu , Chen Chen , Chunyan Hou , Xiaojie Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized artificial intelligence, but their increasing deployment across critical domains has raised concerns about their abnormal behaviors when faced with malicious attacks. Such vulnerability…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Shide Zhou , Tianlin Li , Kailong Wang , Yihao Huang , Ling Shi , Yang Liu , Haoyu Wang

Fine-tuning a general-purpose large language model (LLM) for a specific domain or task has become a routine procedure for ordinary users. However, fine-tuning is known to remove the safety alignment features of the model, even when the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-23 Kathleen C. Fraser , Hillary Dawkins , Isar Nejadgholi , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Large language models (LLMs), despite being safety-aligned, exhibit brittle refusal behaviors that can be circumvented by simple linguistic changes. As tense jailbreaking demonstrates that models refusing harmful requests often comply when…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Yein Park , Jungwoo Park , Jaewoo Kang

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

Safety alignment is an important procedure before the official deployment of a Large Language Model (LLM). While safety alignment has been extensively studied for LLM, there is still a large research gap for Large Reasoning Models (LRMs)…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Tiansheng Huang , Sihao Hu , Fatih Ilhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Zachary Yahn , Yichang Xu , Ling Liu

As large language models (LLMs) become more integral to society and technology, ensuring their safety becomes essential. Jailbreak attacks exploit vulnerabilities to bypass safety guardrails, posing a significant threat. However, the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have extended the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by enabling audio-based human interactions. However, recent research has revealed that LALMs remain vulnerable to harmful queries due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Hao Yang , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) pose a significant risk of safety misalignment after finetuning, as models can be compromised by both explicitly and implicitly harmful data. Even some seemingly benign data can inadvertently steer a model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Zhanhao Hu , Xiao Huang , Patrick Mendoza , Emad A. Alghamdi , Basel Alomair , Raluca Ada Popa , David Wagner

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Safety alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) often creates a systematic discrepancy between a model's aligned output and the underlying pre-aligned data distribution. We propose a framework in which the effect of safety alignment on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Yuxuan Lu , Yongkang Guo , Yuqing Kong

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, extensive efforts have been made to align LLM behavior with human values, including safety.…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-07-29 Zhangchen Xu , Fengqing Jiang , Luyao Niu , Jinyuan Jia , Bill Yuchen Lin , Radha Poovendran

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks. Nevertheless, they still pose notable safety risks due to potential misuse for malicious purposes. Jailbreaking, which seeks to induce models to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Hua Tang , Lingyong Yan , Yukun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jizhou Huang , Dawei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…