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Deploying large language models (LLMs) on end-user devices is gaining importance due to benefits in responsiveness, privacy, and operational cost. Yet the limited memory and compute capability of mobile and desktop GPUs make efficient…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-11-07 Rongxiang Wang , Kangyuan Shu , Felix Xiaozhu Lin

Efficient inference with Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly relies on Key-Value (KV) caches to store previously computed key and value vectors at each layer. These caches are essential to minimize redundant computation during…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Oteo Mamo , Olga Kogiou , Hyunjin Yi , Weikuan Yu

Long-context LLM serving is bottlenecked by the cost of attending over ever-growing KV caches. Dynamic sparse attention promises relief by accessing only a small, query-dependent subset of the KV state per decoding step and extending the KV…

The inference process for large language models is slow and memory-intensive, with one of the most critical bottlenecks being excessive Key-Value (KV) cache accesses. This paper introduces "Double Sparsity," a novel post-training sparse…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-08-20 Shuo Yang , Ying Sheng , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Lianmin Zheng

Key-value (KV) caching is critical for efficient inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its memory footprint scales linearly with context length, resulting in a severe scalability bottleneck. Existing approaches largely treat KV…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Gradwell Dzikanyanga , Weihao Yang , Hao Huang , Donglei Wu , Shihao Wang , Wen Xia , Sanjeeb K C

Rapid advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have spurred demand for processing extended context sequences in contemporary applications. However, this progress faces two challenges: performance degradation due to sequence lengths…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Wei Wu , Zhuoshi Pan , Chao Wang , Liyi Chen , Yunchu Bai , Tianfu Wang , Kun Fu , Zheng Wang , Hui Xiong

The advent of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized various natural language processing tasks. These models predominantly employ an auto-regressive decoding mechanism that utilizes Key-Value (KV) caches to eliminate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-12 Hao Yu , Zelan Yang , Shen Li , Yong Li , Jianxin Wu

Key-Value (KV) cache quantization has become a widely adopted optimization technique for efficient large language models (LLMs) inference by reducing KV cache memory usage and mitigating memory-bound constraints. Recent studies have…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-07 Zunhai Su , Kehong Yuan

Key-value (KV) caching has emerged as a crucial optimization technique for accelerating inference in large language models (LLMs). By allowing the attention operation to scale linearly rather than quadratically with the total sequence…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Gopi Krishna Jha , Sameh Gobriel , Liubov Talamanova , Nilesh Jain

Visual autoregressive modeling (VAR) via next-scale prediction has emerged as a scalable image generation paradigm. While Key and Value (KV) caching in large language models (LLMs) has been extensively studied, next-scale prediction…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Boxun Xu , Yu Wang , Zihu Wang , Peng Li

The Key-Value (KV) cache introduces substantial memory overhead during large language model (LLM) inference. Although existing vector quantization (VQ) methods reduce KV cache usage and provide flexible representational capacity across…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-08 Dingyu Yao , Chenxu Yang , Zhengyang Tong , Zheng Lin , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Weiping Wang

The Key-Value (KV) cache is a crucial component in serving transformer-based autoregressive large language models (LLMs), enabling faster inference by storing previously computed KV vectors. However, its memory consumption scales linearly…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-07 Rongzhi Zhang , Kuang Wang , Liyuan Liu , Shuohang Wang , Hao Cheng , Chao Zhang , Yelong Shen

Long-context reasoning is a critical capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling applications such as long-document understanding, summarization, and code generation. However, efficient autoregressive inference relies on the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Zahra Dehghanighobadi , Asja Fischer

Long-context inference in LLMs faces the dual challenges of quadratic attention complexity and prohibitive KV cache memory. While token-level sparse attention offers superior accuracy, its indexing overhead is costly; block-level methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Yuxuan Hu , Jianchao Tan , Jiaqi Zhang , Wen Zan , Pingwei Sun , Yifan Lu , Yerui Sun , Yuchen Xie , Xunliang Cai , Jing Zhang

With the widespread deployment of long-context large language models (LLMs), there has been a growing demand for efficient support of high-throughput inference. However, as the key-value (KV) cache expands with the sequence length, the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-04-29 Hanshi Sun , Li-Wen Chang , Wenlei Bao , Size Zheng , Ningxin Zheng , Xin Liu , Harry Dong , Yuejie Chi , Beidi Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit pronounced memory-bound characteristics during inference due to High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) bandwidth constraints. In this paper, we propose an L2 Cache-oriented asynchronous KV Cache prefetching method…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-11 Yanhao Dong , Yubo Miao , Weinan Li , Xiao Zheng , Chao Wang , Jiesheng Wu , Feng Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional performance and vast potential across diverse tasks. However, the deployment of LLMs with high performance in low-resource environments has garnered significant attention in the industry.…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-07-11 Pujiang He , Shan Zhou , Wenhuan Huang , Changqing Li , Duyi Wang , Bin Guo , Chen Meng , Sheng Gui , Weifei Yu , Yi Xie

In Large Language Model (LLM) inference, Key-Value (KV) caches (KV-caches) are essential for reducing time complexity. However, they result in a linear increase in GPU memory as the context length grows. While recent work explores KV-cache…

Several works have developed eviction policies to remove key-value (KV) pairs from the KV cache for more efficient inference. The focus has been on compressing the KV cache after the input prompt has been processed for faster token…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-04 Michael R. Metel , Boxing Chen , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to support context windows exceeding one million tokens, the linear growth of Key-Value (KV) cache imposes severe memory capacity and bandwidth bottlenecks, constraining the efficiency of long-context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Zhirui Chen , Peiyang Liu , Ling Shao