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Transformers are slow and memory-hungry on long sequences, since the time and memory complexity of self-attention are quadratic in sequence length. Approximate attention methods have attempted to address this problem by trading off model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-24 Tri Dao , Daniel Y. Fu , Stefano Ermon , Atri Rudra , Christopher Ré

Attention accounts for an increasingly dominant fraction of total computation during inference for mixture-of-experts (MoE) models, making efficient acceleration critical. Emerging domain-specific accelerators for large model inference are…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Chi Zhang , Luca Colagrande , Renzo Andri , Luca Benini

Large language model (LLM) inference demands significant amount of computation and memory, especially in the key attention mechanism. While techniques, such as quantization and acceleration algorithms, like FlashAttention, have improved…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-18 Hao Kang , Srikant Bharadwaj , James Hensman , Tushar Krishna , Victor Ruhle , Saravan Rajmohan

Attention, as a core layer of the ubiquitous Transformer architecture, is the bottleneck for large language models and long-context applications. FlashAttention elaborated an approach to speed up attention on GPUs through minimizing memory…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Jay Shah , Ganesh Bikshandi , Ying Zhang , Vijay Thakkar , Pradeep Ramani , Tri Dao

Current hierarchical attention methods, such as NSA and InfLLMv2, select the top-k relevant key-value (KV) blocks based on coarse attention scores and subsequently apply fine-grained softmax attention on the selected tokens. However, the…

The efficiency of attention is important due to its quadratic time complexity. We enhance the efficiency of attention through two key contributions: First, we leverage the new FP4 Tensor Cores in Blackwell GPUs to accelerate attention…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Jintao Zhang , Jia Wei , Pengle Zhang , Xiaoming Xu , Haofeng Huang , Haoxu Wang , Kai Jiang , Jianfei Chen , Jun Zhu

Attention with bias, which extends standard attention by introducing prior knowledge as an additive bias matrix to the query-key scores, has been widely deployed in vision, language, protein-folding and other advanced scientific models,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Haixu Wu , Minghao Guo , Yuezhou Ma , Yuanxu Sun , Jianmin Wang , Wojciech Matusik , Mingsheng Long

Attention is the cornerstone of modern Large Language Models (LLMs). Yet its quadratic complexity hinders efficiency and scalability, especially for long-context processing. A promising approach is to leverage sparsity in attention.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Yizhao Gao , Zhichen Zeng , Dayou Du , Shijie Cao , Peiyuan Zhou , Jiaxing Qi , Junjie Lai , Hayden Kwok-Hay So , Ting Cao , Fan Yang , Mao Yang

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

硬件体系结构 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan

The transformer architecture predominates across various models. As the heart of the transformer, attention has a computational complexity of $O(N^2)$, compared to $O(N)$ for linear transformations. When handling large sequence lengths,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Jintao Zhang , Jia Wei , Haofeng Huang , Pengle Zhang , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Although quantization for linear layers has been widely used, its application to accelerate the attention process remains limited. To further enhance the efficiency of attention computation compared to SageAttention while maintaining…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-02 Jintao Zhang , Haofeng Huang , Pengle Zhang , Jia Wei , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

State-of-the-art sparse attention methods for reducing decoding latency fall into two main categories: approximate top-$k$ (and its extension, top-$p$) and recently introduced sampling-based estimation. However, these approaches are…

The standard content-based attention mechanism typically used in sequence-to-sequence models is computationally expensive as it requires the comparison of large encoder and decoder states at each time step. In this work, we propose an…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2017-07-04 Denny Britz , Melody Y. Guan , Minh-Thang Luong

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale to longer context windows, the computational cost of attention mechanisms, which traditionally grows quadratically with input length, presents a critical challenge for real-time and memory-constrained…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-10 James Vo

Dot-product attention has wide applications in computer vision and natural language processing. However, its memory and computational costs grow quadratically with the input size. Such growth prohibits its application on high-resolution…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-22 Zhuoran Shen , Mingyuan Zhang , Haiyu Zhao , Shuai Yi , Hongsheng Li

Transformers have achieved widespread and remarkable success, while the computational complexity of their attention modules remains a major bottleneck for vision tasks. Existing methods mainly employ 8-bit or 4-bit quantization to balance…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Chaodong Xiao , Zhengqiang Zhang , Lei Zhang

Scaling Transformers to longer sequence lengths has been a major problem in the last several years, promising to improve performance in language modeling and high-resolution image understanding, as well as to unlock new applications in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-18 Tri Dao

The quadratic computational complexity of standard attention mechanisms presents a severe scalability bottleneck for LLMs in long-context scenarios. While hybrid attention mechanisms combining Full Attention (FA) and Sparse Attention (SA)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Quantong Qiu , Zhiyi Hong , Yi Yang , Haitian Wang , Kebin Liu , Qingqing Dang , Juntao Li , Min Zhang

We revisit the I/O complexity of attention in large language models. Given query-key-value matrices $Q,K,V\in\mathbb{R}^{n\times d}$, and a machine with fast memory size $M$, the goal is to compute the "attention matrix" $A=\text{softmax}(Q…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Pál András Papp , Aleksandros Sobczyk , Anastasios Zouzias

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as a pivotal research area, yet the attention module remains a critical bottleneck in LLM inference, even with techniques like KVCache to mitigate redundant computations. While various top-$k$…

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