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To be informative, an evaluation must measure how well systems generalize to realistic unseen data. We identify limitations of and propose improvements to current evaluations of text-to-SQL systems. First, we compare human-generated and…

Advances in large language models have accelerated progress in text-to-SQL, methods for converting natural language queries into valid SQL queries. A key bottleneck for developing generalizable text-to-SQL models is the lack of large-scale…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Cornelius Wolff , Daniel Gomm , Madelon Hulsebos

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle with the precise logic and schema alignment required for complex Text-to-SQL tasks. While current methods rely heavily on static prompting, they lack the ability to dynamically adapt and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Haolin Yang , Jipeng Zhang , Zhitao He , Alexander Zhou , Yi R. Fung

Robust text-to-SQL over complex, real-world databases remains brittle even with modern LLMs: iterative refinement often introduces syntactic and semantic drift, corrections tend to be non-transferable across queries, and naive use of large…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2026-01-13 Isabelle Mohr , Joao Gandarela , John Dujany , Andre Freitas

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive problem-solving skills across many tasks, but they still underperform compared to humans in various downstream applications, such as text-to-SQL. On the BIRD benchmark leaderboard, human…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Zhibo Chu , Zichong Wang , Qitao Qin

The task of text-to-SQL aims to convert a natural language question into its corresponding SQL query within the context of relational tables. Existing text-to-SQL parsers generate a "plausible" SQL query for an arbitrary user question,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-22 Bing Wang , Yan Gao , Zhoujun Li , Jian-Guang Lou

Text-to-SQL models, which parse natural language (NL) questions to executable SQL queries, are increasingly adopted in real-world applications. However, deploying such models in the real world often requires adapting them to the highly…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Yuan Tian , Daniel Lee , Fei Wu , Tung Mai , Kun Qian , Siddhartha Sahai , Tianyi Zhang , Yunyao Li

End-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU) systems are gaining popularity over cascaded approaches due to their simplicity and ability to avoid error propagation. However, these systems model sequence labeling as a sequence prediction…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-31 Siddhant Arora , Siddharth Dalmia , Brian Yan , Florian Metze , Alan W Black , Shinji Watanabe

Text-to-SQL systems enable users to query databases using natural language, democratizing access to data analytics. However, they face challenges in understanding ambiguous phrasing, domain-specific vocabulary, and complex schema…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Tetiana Gladkykh , Kyrylo Kirykov

Text-to-SQL is a fundamental yet challenging task in the NLP area, aiming at translating natural language questions into SQL queries. While recent advances in large language models have greatly improved performance, most existing approaches…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Shuozhi Yuan , Limin Chen , Miaomiao Yuan , Zhao Jin

Translating Natural Language Queries into Structured Query Language (Text-to-SQL or NLQ-to-SQL) is a critical task extensively studied by both the natural language processing and database communities, aimed at providing a natural language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-01-29 Hasan Alp Caferoğlu , Özgür Ulusoy

Large language models (LLMs) process and predict sequences containing text to answer questions, and address tasks including document summarization, providing recommendations, writing software and solving quantitative problems. We provide a…

数值分析 · 数学 2026-02-02 Ricardo Baptista , Andrew Stuart , Son Tran

Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) has seen significant advancements with large language models (LLMs). However, these models often depend on closed-source systems and high computational resources, posing challenges in data privacy and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Wenqi Pei , Hailing Xu , Hengyuan Zhao , Shizheng Hou , Han Chen , Zining Zhang , Pingyi Luo , Bingsheng He

This paper presents the development process of a natural language to SQL model using the T5 model as the basis. The models, developed in August 2022 for an online transaction processing system and a data warehouse, have a 73\% and 84\%…

Generating insightful and actionable information from databases is critical in data analysis. This paper introduces a novel approach using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automatically generate textual insights. Given a multi-table database…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-03-18 Alberto Sánchez Pérez , Alaa Boukhary , Paolo Papotti , Luis Castejón Lozano , Adam Elwood

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable progress in translating natural language to SQL, but a significant semantic gap persists between their general knowledge and domain-specific semantics of databases. Historical…

数据库 · 计算机科学 2025-11-05 Yiwen Jiao , Tonghui Ren , Yuche Gao , Zhenying He , Yinan Jing , Kai Zhang , X. Sean Wang

NL2SQL (natural language to SQL) translates natural language questions into SQL queries, thereby making structured data accessible to non-technical users, serving as the foundation for intelligent data applications. State-of-the-art NL2SQL…

The rise of deep learning in natural language processing has fostered the creation of text to structured query language models composed of an encoder and a decoder. Researchers have experimented with various intermediate processing like…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-04-15 Jyothi , T. Satyanarayana Murthy

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities, but their outputs can sometimes be unreliable or factually incorrect. To address this, we introduce Self Logits Evolution Decoding (SLED), a novel decoding framework…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-21 Jianyi Zhang , Da-Cheng Juan , Cyrus Rashtchian , Chun-Sung Ferng , Heinrich Jiang , Yiran Chen

Despite strong performance on Text-to-SQL benchmarks, it remains unclear whether LLM-generated SQL programs are structurally reliable. In this work, we investigate the structural behavior of LLM-generated SQL queries and introduce…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Yixi Zhou , Fan Zhang , Zhiqiao Guo , Yu Chen , Haipeng Zhang , Preslav Nakov , Zhuohan Xie