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Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) represent a breakthrough in AI problem-solving capabilities, but their effectiveness in interactive environments can be limited. This paper introduces and analyzes overthinking in LRMs. A phenomenon where…

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have significantly advanced performance on complex tasks, yet their tendency to overthink introduces inefficiencies. This study investigates the internal mechanisms of reinforcement learning (RL)-trained LRMs…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Rongzhi Zhu , Yi Liu , Zequn Sun , Yiwei Wang , Wei Hu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have shown remarkable reasoning capabilities, yet they often suffer from overthinking, expending redundant computational steps on simple problems, or underthinking, failing to explore sufficient reasoning paths…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Yulin Li , Tengyao Tu , Li Ding , Junjie Wang , Huiling Zhen , Yixin Chen , Yong Li , Zhuotao Tian

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated emergent capabilities across diverse reasoning tasks via popular Chains-of-Thought (COT) prompting. However, such a simple and fast COT approach often encounters limitations in dealing with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-02 Jiabao Pan , Yan Zhang , Chen Zhang , Zuozhu Liu , Hongwei Wang , Haizhou Li

Language has long been conceived as an essential tool for human reasoning. The breakthrough of Large Language Models (LLMs) has sparked significant research interest in leveraging these models to tackle complex reasoning tasks. Researchers…

The recent rise of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) has significantly improved multi-step reasoning performance, but often at the cost of generating excessively long reasoning chains. This paper revisits the efficiency of such reasoning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Xixian Yong , Xiao Zhou , Yingying Zhang , Jinlin Li , Yefeng Zheng , Xian Wu

While recent success of large reasoning models (LRMs) significantly advanced LLMs' reasoning capability by optimizing the final answer accuracy using reinforcement learning, they may also drastically increase the output length due to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Sohyun An , Ruochen Wang , Tianyi Zhou , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Large reasoning models (LRMs) have achieved impressive performance in complex tasks, often outperforming conventional large language models (LLMs). However, the prevalent issue of overthinking severely limits their computational efficiency.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-29 Zhiyuan Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Despite recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), their performance on complex reasoning problems requiring multi-step thinking and combining various skills is still limited. To address this, we propose a novel framework HDFlow…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-27 Wenlin Yao , Haitao Mi , Dong Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive reasoning abilities, yet their reliance on structured step-by-step processing reveals a critical limitation. In contrast, human cognition fluidly adapts between intuitive, heuristic (System 1)…

Recent advancements in large reasoning models (LRMs) have demonstrated the effectiveness of scaling test-time computation to enhance reasoning capabilities on various tasks. However, LRMs often suffer from an ``overthinking'' problem, where…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Yule Liu , Jingyi Zheng , Zhen Sun , Zifan Peng , Wenhan Dong , Zeyang Sha , Shiwen Cui , Weiqiang Wang , Xinlei He

This paper explores the system 1 thinking capability of Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), the intuitive ability to respond efficiently with minimal token usage. While existing LRMs rely on long-chain reasoning and excel at complex tasks, their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Wenyuan Zhang , Shuaiyi Nie , Xinghua Zhang , Zefeng Zhang , Tingwen Liu

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) often suffer from overthinking, generating verbose reasoning traces that compromise both computational efficiency and interpretability. Unlike prior efforts that rely on global length-based rewards, we propose…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) allocate substantial inference-time compute to Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, improving performance on mathematics, scientific QA, and tool usage. However, this introduces overthinking: LRMs often reach a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Sangjun Song , Minjae Oh , Seungkyu Lee , Sungmin Jo , Yohan Jo

There emerges a promising trend of using large language models (LLMs) to generate code-like plans for complex inference tasks such as visual reasoning. This paradigm, known as LLM-based planning, provides flexibility in problem solving and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Pengbo Hu , Ji Qi , Xingyu Li , Hong Li , Xinqi Wang , Bing Quan , Ruiyu Wang , Yi Zhou

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have made reasoning a central benchmark for evaluating intelligence. While prior surveys focus on efficiency by examining how to shorten reasoning chains or reduce computation, this view…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-01 Chao Wu , Baoheng Li , Mingchen Gao , Yu Tian , Zhenyi Wang

When faced with complex problems, we tend to engage in slower, more deliberate thinking. In contrast, for simple questions we give quick, intuitive responses. This dual-system thinking approach allows us to allocate cognitive resources…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Chenyu Lin , Cheng Chi , Jinlin Wu , Sharon Li , Kaiyang Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) can achieve enhanced complex problem-solving through test-time computing scaling, yet this often entails longer contexts and numerous reasoning token costs. In this paper, we propose an efficient test-time…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-02 Zhaojian Yu , Yinghao Wu , Yilun Zhao , Arman Cohan , Xiao-Ping Zhang

Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI's o1/o3 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated remarkable performance in specialized reasoning tasks through human-like deliberative thinking and long chain-of-thought…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-11-20 Weixiang Zhao , Xingyu Sui , Jiahe Guo , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Xuda Zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…