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The latency bottleneck of traditional text-to-speech (TTS) systems fundamentally hinders the potential of streaming large language models (LLMs) in conversational AI. These TTS systems, typically trained and inferenced on complete…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Richard He Bai , Zijin Gu , Tatiana Likhomanenko , Navdeep Jaitly

Large language models (LLMs) are widely used in real-world applications, raising concerns about their safety and trustworthiness. While red-teaming with jailbreak prompts exposes the vulnerabilities of LLMs, current efforts focus primarily…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-14 Yi Zhao , Youzhi Zhang

Safety alignment approaches in large language models (LLMs) often lead to the over-refusal of benign queries, significantly diminishing their utility in sensitive scenarios. To address this challenge, we introduce FalseReject, a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-16 Zhehao Zhang , Weijie Xu , Fanyou Wu , Chandan K. Reddy

Over the past decade, there has been extensive research aimed at enhancing the robustness of neural networks, yet this problem remains vastly unsolved. Here, one major impediment has been the overestimation of the robustness of new defense…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Leo Schwinn , David Dobre , Stephan Günnemann , Gauthier Gidel

Recent large language models (LLMs) have increasingly adopted the Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture for efficiency. MoE-based LLMs heavily depend on a superficial safety mechanism in which harmful inputs are routed safety-critical…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Jaehan Kim , Minkyoo Song , Seungwon Shin , Sooel Son

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), significantly enhancing their capabilities by integrating visual information and other types, thus aligning more closely with the nature of human…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Youze Wang , Wenbo Hu , Yinpeng Dong , Jing Liu , Hanwang Zhang , Richang Hong

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit impressive capabilities, but remain susceptible to a growing spectrum of safety risks, including jailbreaks, toxic content, hallucinations, and bias. Existing defenses often address only a single threat…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-18 Md Rafi Ur Rashid , Vishnu Asutosh Dasu , Ye Wang , Gang Tan , Shagufta Mehnaz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become a cornerstone in the field of Natural Language Processing (NLP), offering transformative capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. However, with their rising prominence, the…

As large language models (LLMs) are becoming more capable and widespread, the study of their failure cases is becoming increasingly important. Recent advances in standardizing, measuring, and scaling test-time compute suggest new…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-26 Mahdi Sabbaghi , Paul Kassianik , George Pappas , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi , Hamed Hassani

As Speech Large Language Models (Speech LLMs) become increasingly integrated into voice-based applications, ensuring their robustness against manipulative or adversarial input becomes critical. Although prior work has studied adversarial…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-25 Jinyang Wu , Bin Zhu , Xiandong Zou , Qiquan Zhang , Xu Fang , Pan Zhou

Background: Fine-tuning is central to adapting pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) to downstream tasks, but its reliance on training data, parameter updates, and reusable components opens entry points for attackers. Threats have…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Wenjuan Li , Yitao Liu , Runze Chen , Rajkumar Buyya

Large Language Models (LLMs) are known to be vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, wherein adversaries exploit carefully engineered prompts to induce harmful or unethical responses. Such threats have raised critical concerns about the safety…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-22 Taiye Chen , Zeming Wei , Ang Li , Yisen Wang

Dialogue systems often fail when user utterances are semantically complete yet lack the clarity and completeness required for appropriate system action. This mismatch arises because users frequently do not fully understand their own needs,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Yaoyao Qian , Jindan Huang , Yuanli Wang , Simon Yu , Kyrie Zhixuan Zhou , Jiayuan Mao , Mingfu Liang , Hanhan Zhou

Recent studies on the safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) have revealed that existing approaches often operate superficially, leaving models vulnerable to various adversarial attacks. Despite their significance, these studies…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Jianwei Li , Jung-Eun Kim

Many studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) can produce harmful responses, exposing users to unexpected risks when LLMs are deployed. Previous studies have proposed comprehensive taxonomies of the risks posed by LLMs,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-06 Yuxia Wang , Zenan Zhai , Haonan Li , Xudong Han , Lizhi Lin , Zhenxuan Zhang , Jingru Zhao , Preslav Nakov , Timothy Baldwin

As Large Language Models (LLMs) play an increasingly pivotal role in natural language processing applications, their safety concerns become critical areas of NLP research. This paper presents Safety and Over-Defensiveness Evaluation (SODE)…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-02 Neeraj Varshney , Pavel Dolin , Agastya Seth , Chitta Baral

Large Language Models (LLMs) are conversational interfaces. As such, LLMs have the potential to assist their users not only when they can fully specify the task at hand, but also to help them define, explore, and refine what they need…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Philippe Laban , Hiroaki Hayashi , Yingbo Zhou , Jennifer Neville

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) enable exciting LLM-integrated applications, which perform text-based tasks by utilizing their advanced language understanding capabilities. However, as LLMs have improved, so have the attacks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-09-27 Sizhe Chen , Julien Piet , Chawin Sitawarin , David Wagner

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming human decision-making by acting as cognitive collaborators. Yet, this promise comes with a paradox: while LLMs can improve accuracy, they may also erode independent reasoning, promote…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Irdin Pekaric , Philipp Zech , Tom Mattson

Large language models (LLMs) excel on static benchmarks, but their performance across multi-turn conversations, which better reflect real-world usage, remains understudied. Addressing this gap is critical in high-stakes settings like…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-27 Kevin H. Guo , Chao Yan , Avinash Baidya , Katherine Brown , Xiang Gao , Juming Xiong , Zhijun Yin , Bradley A. Malin