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In PU learning, a binary classifier is trained from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data without negative (N) data. Although N data is missing, it sometimes outperforms PN learning (i.e., ordinary supervised learning). Hitherto, neither…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2016-10-31 Gang Niu , Marthinus Christoffel du Plessis , Tomoya Sakai , Yao Ma , Masashi Sugiyama

PU learning refers to the classification problem in which only part of positive samples are labeled. Existing PU learning methods treat unlabeled samples equally. However, in many real tasks, from common sense or domain knowledge, some…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-06 Puning Zhao , Jintao Deng , Xu Cheng

Self-supervised pretraining on unlabeled data followed by supervised fine-tuning on labeled data is a popular paradigm for learning from limited labeled examples. We extend this paradigm to the classical positive unlabeled (PU) setting,…

PU (Positive Unlabeled) learning is a variant of supervised classification learning in which the only labels revealed to the learner are of positively labeled instances. PU learning arises in many real-world applications. Most existing work…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-11 Farnam Mansouri , Shai Ben-David

Planning for a wide range of real-world tasks necessitates to know and write all constraints. However, instances exist where these constraints are either unknown or challenging to specify accurately. A possible solution is to infer the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-17 Baiyu Peng , Aude Billard

Positive--Unlabeled (PU) learning considers settings in which only positive and unlabeled data are available, while negatives are missing or left unlabeled. This situation is common in real applications where annotating reliable negatives…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-30 Miao Zhang , Junpeng Li , Changchun Hua , Yana Yang

We propose a meta-learning method for positive and unlabeled (PU) classification, which improves the performance of binary classifiers obtained from only PU data in unseen target tasks. PU learning is an important problem since PU data…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Atsutoshi Kumagai , Tomoharu Iwata , Yasuhiro Fujiwara

In binary classification, there are situations where negative (N) data are too diverse to be fully labeled and we often resort to positive-unlabeled (PU) learning in these scenarios. However, collecting a non-representative N set that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2019-07-16 Yu-Guan Hsieh , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Existing algorithms aiming to learn a binary classifier from positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data generally require estimating the class prior or label noises ahead of building a classification model. However, the estimation and classifier…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-09-01 Tianyu Li , Chien-Chih Wang , Yukun Ma , Patricia Ortal , Qifang Zhao , Bjorn Stenger , Yu Hirate

This paper proposes a novel pseudo-labeling method for medical image segmentation that can perform learning on ``individual images'' to select effective pseudo-labels. We introduce Positive and Unlabeled Learning (PU learning), which uses…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Takehiro Yamane , Itaru Tsuge , Susumu Saito , Ryoma Bise

Automated code vulnerability detection has gained increasing attention in recent years. The deep learning (DL)-based methods, which implicitly learn vulnerable code patterns, have proven effective in vulnerability detection. The performance…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2023-08-22 Xin-Cheng Wen , Xinchen Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Shaohua Wang , Yang Liu , Zhaoquan Gu

We propose a new method of learning from positive and unlabeled (PU) examples in highly imbalanced datasets. Many real-world problems, such as disease gene identification, targeted marketing, fraud detection, and recommender systems, are…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Elias Zavitsanos , Georgios Paliouras

We consider a problem of learning a binary classifier only from positive data and unlabeled data (PU learning) and estimating the class-prior in unlabeled data under the case-control scenario. Most of the recent methods of PU learning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-09-18 Masahiro Kato , Liyuan Xu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Positive-unlabeled (PU) learning deals with binary classification problems when only positive (P) and unlabeled (U) data are available. Many recent PU methods are based on neural networks, but little has been done to develop boosting…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-08 Yawen Zhao , Mingzhe Zhang , Chenhao Zhang , Weitong Chen , Nan Ye , Miao Xu

Learning from positive and unlabeled data (PU learning) is actively researched machine learning task. The goal is to train a binary classification model based on a training dataset containing part of positives which are labeled, and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2023-12-29 Wojciech Rejchel , Paweł Teisseyre , Jan Mielniczuk

When learning from positive and unlabelled data, it is a strong assumption that the positive observations are randomly sampled from the distribution of $X$ conditional on $Y = 1$, where X stands for the feature and Y the label. Most…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-04 Fengxiang He , Tongliang Liu , Geoffrey I Webb , Dacheng Tao

Positive-unlabeled learning (PUL) aims at learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled training data. Even though real-world applications often involve imbalanced datasets where the majority of examples belong to one class,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-03-12 Emilio Dorigatti , Jann Goschenhofer , Benjamin Schubert , Mina Rezaei , Bernd Bischl

Positive Unlabeled (PU) learning is widely used in many applications, where a binary classifier is trained on the datasets consisting of only positive and unlabeled samples. In this paper, we improve PU learning over state-of-the-art from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-04-22 Liwei Jiang , Dan Li , Qisheng Wang , Shuai Wang , Songtao Wang

We consider the problem of learning a binary classifier from only positive and unlabeled observations (called PU learning). Recent studies in PU learning have shown superior performance theoretically and empirically. However, most existing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2020-02-21 Yongchan Kwon , Wonyoung Kim , Masashi Sugiyama , Myunghee Cho Paik

Positive-Unlabelled (PU) learning is a growing area of machine learning that aims to learn classifiers from data consisting of labelled positive and unlabelled instances. Whilst much work has been done proposing methods for PU learning,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-06-07 Jack D. Saunders , Alex , A. Freitas