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Large language models (LLMs) are becoming a popular tool as they have significantly advanced in their capability to tackle a wide range of language-based tasks. However, LLMs applications are highly vulnerable to prompt injection attacks,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Md Abdur Rahman , Fan Wu , Alfredo Cuzzocrea , Sheikh Iqbal Ahamed

Large Language Models increasingly power critical infrastructure from healthcare to finance, yet their vulnerability to adversarial manipulation threatens system integrity and user safety. Despite growing deployment, no comprehensive…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Taiwo Onitiju , Iman Vakilinia

VLMs (Vision-Language Models) extend the capabilities of LLMs (Large Language Models) to accept multimodal inputs. Since it has been verified that LLMs can be induced to generate harmful or inaccurate content through specific test cases…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Mukai Li , Lei Li , Yuwei Yin , Masood Ahmed , Zhenguang Liu , Qi Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used, understanding them systematically is key to improving their safety and realizing their full potential. Although many models are aligned using techniques such as reinforcement learning from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-16 Sajib Biswas , Mao Nishino , Samuel Jacob Chacko , Xiuwen Liu

Effective safety auditing of large language models (LLMs) demands tools that go beyond black-box probing and systematically uncover vulnerabilities rooted in model internals. We present a comprehensive, interpretability-driven jailbreaking…

This paper presents a large language model (LLM)-based framework that adapts and fine-tunes compact LLMs for detecting cyberattacks on transformer current differential relays (TCDRs), which can otherwise cause false tripping of critical…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Ahmad Mohammad Saber , Saeed Jafari , Zhengmao Ouyang , Paul Budnarain , Amr Youssef , Deepa Kundur

Safety alignment is essential for the responsible deployment of large language models (LLMs). Yet, existing approaches often rely on heavyweight fine-tuning that is costly to update, audit, and maintain across model families. Full…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Sasha Behrouzi , Lichao Wu , Mohamadreza Rostami , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Large Language Model (LLM) safeguards, which implement request refusals, have become a widely adopted mitigation strategy against misuse. At the intersection of adversarial machine learning and AI safety, safeguard red teaming has…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-10 Zifan Wang , Christina Q. Knight , Jeremy Kritz , Willow E. Primack , Julian Michael

Recent work has proposed automated red-teaming methods for testing the vulnerabilities of a given target large language model (LLM). These methods use red-teaming LLMs to uncover inputs that induce harmful behavior in a target LLM. In this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-15 Jonathan Nöther , Adish Singla , Goran Radanović

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit severe multilingual safety misalignment: they possess strong safeguards in high-resource languages but remain highly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks in low-resource languages. Current safety alignment…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Ruiyang Qin , Qingzhuo Wang , Dongrui Liu , Qiang Li , Zhihua Wei , Wen Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are redefining offensive cybersecurity by allowing the generation of harmful machine code with minimal human intervention. While attackers take advantage of dark LLMs such as XXXGPT and WolfGPT to produce…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Ricardo Bessa , Rui Claro , João Trindade , João Lourenço

Safety alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently become a critical objective of model developers. In response, a growing body of work has been investigating how safety alignment can be bypassed through various jailbreaking…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Jason Vega , Junsheng Huang , Gaokai Zhang , Hangoo Kang , Minjia Zhang , Gagandeep Singh

Despite efforts to align large language models (LLMs) with societal and moral values, these models remain susceptible to jailbreak attacks -- methods designed to elicit harmful responses. Jailbreaking black-box LLMs is considered…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Muyang Zheng , Yuanzhi Yao , Changting Lin , Caihong Kai , Yanxiang Chen , Zhiquan Liu

Typosquatting is a long-standing cyber threat that exploits human error in typing URLs to deceive users, distribute malware, and conduct phishing attacks. With the proliferation of domain names and new Top-Level Domains (TLDs),…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-31 Jackson Welch

Background Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in medical consultations, yet their safety under realistic user pressures remains understudied. Prior assessments focused on neutral conditions, overlooking vulnerabilities…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-16 Vahideh Zolfaghari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly through instruction tuning, which enables broad task generalization without additional fine-tuning. However, their reliance on large-scale…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in intelligent systems that perform reasoning, summarization, and code generation. Their ability to follow natural-language instructions, while powerful, also makes them vulnerable to a new…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-13 Daniyal Ganiuly , Assel Smaiyl

Large language models (LLMs) have strong capabilities in solving diverse natural language processing tasks. However, the safety and security issues of LLM systems have become the major obstacle to their widespread application. Many studies…

Open-source, multilingual medical large language models (LLMs) have the potential to serve linguistically diverse populations across different regions. Adapting generic LLMs for healthcare often requires continual pretraining, but this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-10 Meng Zhou , Surajsinh Parmar , Anubhav Bhatti

Large Language Diffusion Models (LLDMs) exhibit comparable performance to LLMs while offering distinct advantages in inference speed and mathematical reasoning tasks.The precise and rapid generation capabilities of LLDMs amplify concerns of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-28 Yuanhe Zhang , Fangzhou Xie , Zhenhong Zhou , Zherui Li , Hao Chen , Kun Wang , Yufei Guo