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Long-context inference in large language models (LLMs) is bottlenecked by the linear growth of the self-attention key-value (KV) cache. Top-k sparse attention alleviates this by loading only a small fraction of the KV cache, but accurately…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Keqi Deng , Shaoshi Ling , Ruchao Fan , Jinyu Li

Dot-product attention has wide applications in computer vision and natural language processing. However, its memory and computational costs grow quadratically with the input size. Such growth prohibits its application on high-resolution…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-22 Zhuoran Shen , Mingyuan Zhang , Haiyu Zhao , Shuai Yi , Hongsheng Li

Recent works show we can linearize large language models (LLMs) -- swapping the quadratic attentions of popular Transformer-based LLMs with subquadratic analogs, such as linear attention -- avoiding the expensive pretraining costs. However,…

The quadratic complexity of self attention in Transformer based LLMs renders long context inference prohibitively expensive. While Sliding Window Attention (SWA), the simplest sparse attention pattern, offers a linear complexity…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Yijiong Yu , Jiale Liu , Qingyun Wu , Huazheng Wang , Ji Pei

In this paper, we demonstrate that an inherent waveform pattern in the attention allocation of large language models (LLMs) significantly affects their performance in tasks demanding a high degree of context awareness, such as utilizing…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Yuhan Chen , Ang Lv , Ting-En Lin , Changyu Chen , Yuchuan Wu , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li , Rui Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated proficiency across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks but often require additional training, such as continual pre-training and supervised fine-tuning. However, the costs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Da Ma , Lu Chen , Pengyu Wang , Hongshen Xu , Hanqi Li , Liangtai Sun , Su Zhu , Shuai Fan , Kai Yu

Efficient long-sequence generation is a critical challenge for Large Language Models. While recent sparse decoding methods improve efficiency, they suffer from KV cache misalignment, where approximation errors accumulate and degrade…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Yutao Sun , Tianzhu Ye , Li Dong , Yuqing Xia , Jian Chen , Yizhao Gao , Shijie Cao , Jianyong Wang , Furu Wei

Training and serving long-context large language models (LLMs) incurs substantial overhead. To address this, two critical steps are often required: a pretrained LLM typically undergoes a separate stage for context length extension by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-06 Suyu Ge , Xihui Lin , Yunan Zhang , Jiawei Han , Hao Peng

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are commonly derived by extending pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. In this work, we investigate how MLLMs process visual inputs by analyzing their attention…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-08 Jiahui Wang , Zuyan Liu , Yongming Rao , Jiwen Lu

Large language models (LLMs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in the domain of natural language processing due to their impressive reasoning abilities. Recently, there has been considerable interest in increasing the context lengths…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-11 Utkarsh Saxena , Gobinda Saha , Sakshi Choudhary , Kaushik Roy

Linearizing pretrained large language models (LLMs) primarily relies on intra-layer hybrid attention mechanisms to alleviate the quadratic complexity of standard softmax attention. Existing methods perform token routing based on…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Weikang Meng , Liangyu Huo , Yadan Luo , Jiawen Guan , Jingyi Zhang , Yingjian Li , Zheng Zhang

As long-context language modeling becomes increasingly important, the cost of maintaining and attending to large Key/Value (KV) caches grows rapidly, becoming a major bottleneck in both training and inference. While prior works such as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Dong Liu , Yanxuan Yu , Ben Lengerich , Ying Nian Wu

While Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) demonstrate exceptional multi-modal capabilities, the quadratic computational cost of processing high-resolution visual tokens remains a critical bottleneck. Though recent token reduction…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-19 Surendra Pathak , Bo Han

We present Lightning Attention, the first linear attention implementation that maintains a constant training speed for various sequence lengths under fixed memory consumption. Due to the issue with cumulative summation operations (cumsum),…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-21 Zhen Qin , Weigao Sun , Dong Li , Xuyang Shen , Weixuan Sun , Yiran Zhong

The KV cache in self-attention has emerged as a major bottleneck in long-context and large-batch inference for LLMs. Existing approaches often treat sparsity prediction and compression as separate modules, relying on auxiliary index…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Xu Yang , Jiapeng Zhang , Dongyang Zhao , Guo Chen , Zhuo Tang

Transformer architectures have achieved remarkable success in various domains. While efficient alternatives to Softmax Attention have been widely studied, the search for more expressive mechanisms grounded in theoretical insight-even at…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Yifei Zuo , Yutong Yin , Zhichen Zeng , Ang Li , Banghua Zhu , Zhaoran Wang

Chunked prefill has become a widely adopted serving strategy for long-context large language models, but efficient attention computation in this regime remains challenging. Existing sparse attention methods are primarily designed for…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Jiwon Song , Dongwon Jo , Beomseok Kang , Jae-Joon Kim

The design of Large Language Models (LLMs) has long been hampered by a fundamental conflict within their core attention mechanism: its remarkable expressivity is built upon a computational complexity of O(H N^2) that grows quadratically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-01 Mingkuan Zhao , Wentao Hu , Jiayin Wang , Xin Lai , Tianchen Huang , Yuheng Min , Rui Yan , Xiaoyan Zhu

We introduce LongCat ZigZag Attention (LoZA), which is a sparse attention scheme designed to transform any existing full-attention models into sparse versions with rather limited compute budget. In long-context scenarios, LoZA can achieve…

Block diffusion LLMs are emerging as a promising next paradigm for language generation, but their use of KV caching makes memory access a dominant bottleneck in long-context settings. While dynamic sparse attention has been actively…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Omin Kwon , Yeonjae Kim , Doyeon Kim , Minseo Kim , Yeonhong Park , Jae W. Lee