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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance is highly sensitive to the prompts utilized. This variability poses challenges for accurate assessment and user satisfaction.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-17 Jingming Zhuo , Songyang Zhang , Xinyu Fang , Haodong Duan , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for recommendation tasks due to their general-purpose capabilities. While LLMs perform well in rich-context settings, their behavior in cold-start scenarios, where only limited signals such…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-09-09 Alexandre Andre , Gauthier Roy , Eva Dyer , Kai Wang

The open-endedness of large language models (LLMs) combined with their impressive capabilities may lead to new safety issues when being exploited for malicious use. While recent studies primarily focus on probing toxic outputs that can be…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-30 Jiaxin Wen , Pei Ke , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Chengfei Li , Jinfeng Bai , Minlie Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a range of NLP tasks. However, their strong instruction-following capabilities and inability to distinguish instructions from data content make them vulnerable to…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-07 Yulin Chen , Haoran Li , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Yangqiu Song , Bryan Hooi

With surge in online platforms, there has been an upsurge in the user engagement on these platforms via comments and reactions. A large portion of such textual comments are abusive, rude and offensive to the audience. With machine learning…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2021-08-17 Ayush Kumar , Pratik Kumar

Detecting hateful content is a challenging and important problem. Automated tools, like machine-learning models, can help, but they require continuous training to adapt to the ever-changing landscape of social media. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-06 Jay Patel , Hrudayangam Mehta , Jeremy Blackburn

Previous works on the fairness of toxic language classifiers compare the output of models with different identity terms as input features but do not consider the impact of other important concepts present in the context. Here, besides…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-20 Isar Nejadgholi , Esma Balkır , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

The widespread dissemination of hate speech, harassment, harmful and sexual content, and violence across websites and media platforms presents substantial challenges and provokes widespread concern among different sectors of society.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-27 Nouar AlDahoul , Myles Joshua Toledo Tan , Harishwar Reddy Kasireddy , Yasir Zaki

Recent research has focused on using large language models (LLMs) to generate explanations for hate speech through fine-tuning or prompting. Despite the growing interest in this area, these generated explanations' effectiveness and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-08-31 Han Wang , Ming Shan Hee , Md Rabiul Awal , Kenny Tsu Wei Choo , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Due to the implement of guardrails by developers, Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in explicit bias tests. However, bias in LLMs may occur not only explicitly, but also implicitly, much like humans who…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-05 Xinru Lin , Luyang Li

Understanding toxicity in user conversations is undoubtedly an important problem. Addressing "covert" or implicit cases of toxicity is particularly hard and requires context. Very few previous studies have analysed the influence of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-19 Atijit Anuchitanukul , Julia Ive , Lucia Specia

The growth of online platforms and user content requires strong content moderation systems that can handle complex inputs from various media types. While large language models (LLMs) are effective, their high computational cost and latency…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Shutong Zhang , Dylan Zhou , Yinxiao Liu , Yang Yang , Huiwen Luo , Wenfei Zou

Topic modeling is traditionally applied to word counts without accounting for the context in which words appear. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer contextualized word embeddings, which capture deeper meaning and…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-12-30 Morgane Austern , Yuanchuan Guo , Zheng Tracy Ke , Tianle Liu

User prompts to large language models (LLMs) are often ambiguous or under-specified, and subtle contextual cues shaped by user intentions, prior knowledge, and risk factors strongly influence what constitutes an appropriate response.…

This paper investigates the emergence of Theory-of-Mind (ToM) capabilities in large language models (LLMs) from a mechanistic perspective, focusing on the role of extremely sparse parameter patterns. We introduce a novel method to identify…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Yuheng Wu , Wentao Guo , Zirui Liu , Heng Ji , Zhaozhuo Xu , Denghui Zhang

This study investigates how context and emotional tone metadata influence large language model (LLM) reasoning and performance in fallacy classification tasks, particularly within political debate settings. Using data from U.S. presidential…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-16 Hongxu Zhou , Hylke Westerdijk , Khondoker Ittehadul Islam

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as black-box components in real-world applications, red teaming has become essential for identifying potential risks. It tests LLMs with adversarial prompts to uncover…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Jiale Ding , Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Cong Wang , Wei-Bin Lee , Ling Pan , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

This study explores real-world human interactions with large language models (LLMs) in diverse, unconstrained settings in contrast to most prior research focusing on ethically trimmed models like ChatGPT for specific tasks. We aim to…

人机交互 · 计算机科学 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Arianna Casanova Flores , Anne-Catherine Kranz

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great capabilities in natural language understanding and generation, largely attributed to the intricate alignment process using human feedback. While alignment has become an essential training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Bocheng Chen , Hanqing Guo , Guangjing Wang , Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter