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Activation steering, or representation engineering, offers a lightweight approach to align large language models (LLMs) by manipulating their internal activations at inference time. However, current methods suffer from two key limitations:…

This paper investigates how Large Language Models (LLMs) represent non-English tokens -- a question that remains underexplored despite recent progress. We propose a lightweight intervention method using representation steering, where a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-27 Omar Mahmoud , Buddhika Laknath Semage , Thommen George Karimpanal , Santu Rana

Activation steering promises to be an extremely parameter-efficient form of adaptation, but its effectiveness depends on critical design choices -- such as intervention location and parameterization -- that currently rely on empirical…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-09 Dyah Adila , John Cooper , Alexander Yun , Avi Trost , Frederic Sala

Inference-time steering offers a promising way to control language models (LMs) without retraining. However, standard approaches typically rely on activation addition, which inevitably alters the hidden-state magnitudes raising concerns…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Zejia You , Chunyuan Deng , Hanjie Chen

Controlling the behaviors of large language models (LLM) is fundamental to their safety alignment and reliable deployment. However, existing steering methods are primarily driven by empirical insights and lack theoretical performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Dung V. Nguyen , Hieu M. Vu , Nhi Y. Pham , Lei Zhang , Tan M. Nguyen

Steering methods influence Large Language Model behavior by identifying semantic directions in hidden representations, but are typically realized through inference-time activation interventions that apply a fixed, global modification to the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Chung-En Sun , Ge Yan , Zimo Wang , Tsui-Wei Weng

Recent studies have indicated that Large Language Models (LLMs) harbor an inherent understanding of truthfulness, yet often fail to consistently express it and generate false statements. This gap between "knowing" and "telling" poses a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-27 Tianlong Wang , Xianfeng Jiao , Yinghao Zhu , Zhongzhi Chen , Yifan He , Xu Chu , Junyi Gao , Yasha Wang , Liantao Ma

Steering large language models (LLMs) is usually done by either instruction prompting or activation steering. Prompting often gives strong control, but caches guidance tokens at every layer and can clutter long interactions; activation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Andy Zeyi Liu , Michael Zhang , Ilana Greenberg , Adam Alnasser , Lucas Baker , John Sous

Protein Language Models (PLMs), pre-trained on extensive evolutionary data from natural proteins, have emerged as indispensable tools for protein design. While powerful, PLMs often struggle to produce proteins with precisely specified…

生物大分子 · 定量生物学 2025-09-15 Long-Kai Huang , Rongyi Zhu , Bing He , Jianhua Yao

Activation steering controls language model behavior by adding directions to internal representations at inference time, but standard residual-stream steering can fail in stateful dialogue. We identify KV-cache contamination as a key…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Diancheng Kang , Zheyuan Liu , Ningshan Ma , Yue Huang , Zhaoxuan Tan , Meng Jiang

Despite the remarkable achievements of language models (LMs) across a broad spectrum of tasks, their propensity for generating toxic outputs remains a prevalent concern. Current solutions involving finetuning or auxiliary models usually…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-08-13 Yu Li , Han Jiang , Chuanyang Gong , Zhihua Wei

Activation engineering enables precise control over Large Language Models (LLMs) without the computational cost of fine-tuning. However, existing methods deriving vectors from static activation differences are susceptible to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Xinyan Jiang , Wenjing Yu , Di Wang , Lijie Hu

Large language models that require multiple GPU cards to host are usually the most capable models. It is necessary to understand and steer these models, but the current technologies do not support the interpretability and steering of these…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Dev Arpan Desai , Shaoyi Huang , Zining Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in leveraging pretrained knowledge through prompting, but they often struggle with unseen tasks, particularly in data-scarce scenarios. While cross-task in-context learning offers…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-18 Xinyu Tang , Zhihao Lv , Xiaoxue Cheng , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Zujie Wen , Zhiqiang Zhang , Jun Zhou

Large language model (LLM) steering has emerged as a promising paradigm for controlling model behavior at inference time through targeted manipulation of hidden states, offering a lightweight alternative to expensive retraining. However,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Haolei Xu , Xinyu Mei , Yuchen Yan , Rui Zhou , Wenqi Zhang , Weiming Lu , Yueting Zhuang , Yongliang Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) achieve remarkable performance through pretraining on extensive data. This enables efficient adaptation to diverse downstream tasks. However, the lack of interpretability in their underlying mechanisms limits…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-03 Xintong Wang , Jingheng Pan , Liang Ding , Longyue Wang , Longqin Jiang , Xingshan Li , Chris Biemann

Activation-based steering enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to exhibit targeted behaviors by intervening on intermediate activations without retraining. Despite its widespread use, the mechanistic factors that govern when steering…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-13 Mehdi Jafari , Hao Xue , Flora Salim

Recent work in activation steering has demonstrated the potential to better control the outputs of Large Language Models (LLMs), but it involves finding steering vectors. This is difficult because engineers do not typically know how…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-08 Ole Jorgensen , Dylan Cope , Nandi Schoots , Murray Shanahan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various natural language processing tasks. However, their size presents significant challenges for deployment and inference. This paper investigates the quantization…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Lucas Maisonnave , Cyril Moineau , Olivier Bichler , Fabrice Rastello

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit hallucinations such as unintended code-switching, reducing reliability in downstream tasks. We propose latent-space language steering, a lightweight inference-time method that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-16 Andrey Goncharov , Nikolai Kondusov , Alexey Zaytsev