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Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Unlike traditional RL approaches, RLVR leverages rule-based feedback to guide…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Jia Deng , Jie Chen , Zhipeng Chen , Daixuan Cheng , Fei Bai , Beichen Zhang , Yinqian Min , Yanzipeng Gao , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has recently gained attention for its ability to elicit self-evolved reasoning capabilitie from base language models without explicit reasoning supervisions, as demonstrated by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-28 Sheng Zhang , Qianchu Liu , Guanghui Qin , Tristan Naumann , Hoifung Poon

Reinforcement Learning from Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has recently shown that large language models (LLMs) can develop their own reasoning without direct supervision. However, applications in the medical domain, specifically for question…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Mirza Farhan Bin Tarek , Rahmatollah Beheshti

We show that reinforcement learning with verifiable reward using one training example (1-shot RLVR) is effective in incentivizing the math reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). Applying RLVR to the base model…

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) to reason often relies on Reinforcement Learning (RL) with task-specific verifiers. However, many real-world reasoning-intensive tasks lack verifiers, despite offering abundant expert demonstrations…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-10 Locke Cai , Ivan Provilkov

Reinforcement learning from verifiable rewards (RLVR) has improved the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs), but most existing approaches rely on sparse outcome-level feedback. This sparsity creates a credit assignment…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Huining Yuan , Zelai Xu , Huaijie Wang , Xiangmin Yi , Jiaxuan Gao , Xiao-Ping Zhang , Yu Wang , Chao Yu , Yi Wu

Recent advancements in reasoning-focused language models such as OpenAI's O1 and DeepSeek-R1 have shown that scaling test-time computation-through chain-of-thought reasoning and iterative exploration-can yield substantial improvements on…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has been an effective approach for improving Large Language Models' reasoning in domains such as coding and mathematics. Here, we apply RLVR methods towards forecasting future real-world…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-02 Benjamin Turtel , Danny Franklin , Kris Skotheim , Luke Hewitt , Philipp Schoenegger

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) has proven effective in improving Large Language Model's (LLM) reasoning ability. However, the learning dynamics of RLVR remain underexplored. In this paper, we reveal a counterintuitive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Yulin Chen , He He , Chen Zhao

The prevailing paradigm for training large reasoning models--combining Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR)--is fundamentally constrained by its reliance on high-quality, human-annotated…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Yuanfu Wang , Zhixuan Liu , Xiangtian Li , Chaochao Lu , Chao Yang

While reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrated remarkable success in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of language models, the training dynamics of RL in LLMs remain unclear. In this work, we provide an explanation of the RL training…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Xingwu Chen , Tianle Li , Difan Zou

Recent neural theorem provers use reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR), where proof assistants provide binary correctness signals. While verifiable rewards are cheap and scalable without reward hacking issues, they suffer…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Zeynel A. Uluşan , Burak S. Akbudak , Can S. Erer , Gözde Gül Şahin

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate transformative potential, yet their reasoning remains inconsistent and unreliable. Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning is a key mechanism for improvement, but its effectiveness is…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Pei-Chi Pan , Yingbin Liang , Sen Lin

Recent advances highlight Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) as a promising method for enhancing LLMs' capabilities. However, it remains unclear whether the current practice of RLVR truly expands a model's reasoning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Fang Wu , Weihao Xuan , Ximing Lu , Mingjie Liu , Yi Dong , Zaid Harchaoui , Yejin Choi

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Reward (RLVR) is empirically shown to notably enhance the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs), particularly in mathematics and programming. However, the mechanistic role of Sample…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Yue Cheng , Jiajun Zhang , Xiaohui Gao , Weiwei Xing , Zheng Wang , Zhanxing Zhu

Can reinforcement learning with hard, verifiable rewards teach a compact language model to reason about physics, or does it primarily learn to pattern-match toward correct answers? We study this question by training a 1.5B-parameter…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Tarjei Paule Hage , Markus J. Buehler

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) is a simple but powerful paradigm for training LLMs: sample a completion, verify it, and update. In practice, however, the verifier is almost never clean--unit tests probe only limited…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-09 Ali Rad , Khashayar Filom , Darioush Keivan , Peyman Mohajerin Esfahani , Ehsan Kamalinejad

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) improves multimodal reasoning by rewarding verifiable final answers. Yet answer-correct trajectories may still rely on incomplete derivations, weak evidence, or statements that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-22 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Meng Jiang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has become a powerful tool for enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) by optimizing their policies with reward signals. Yet, RL's success relies on the reliability of rewards, which are…

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has become a powerful approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). While RLVR is designed for tasks with verifiable ground-truth answers, real-world…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-06 Kazuki Egashira , Mark Vero , Jasper Dekoninck , Florian E. Dorner , Robin Staab , Martin Vechev