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Large Language Models (LLMs), though shown to be effective in many applications, can vary significantly in their response quality. In this paper, we investigate this problem of prompt fairness: specifically, the phrasing of a prompt by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-26 Meiyu Zhong , Noel Teku , Ravi Tandon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various domains, prompting a surge in their practical applications. However, concerns have arisen regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs outputs, particularly in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-08 Danna Zheng , Danyang Liu , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan

Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) often require external tools, such as machine learning classifiers or knowledge retrieval systems, to provide accurate answers in domains where their pre-trained knowledge is insufficient. This…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-23 Panagiotis Lymperopoulos , Vasanth Sarathy

Large language models (LLMs) are revolutionizing every aspect of society. They are increasingly used in problem-solving tasks to substitute human assessment and reasoning. LLMs are trained on what humans write and are thus exposed to human…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Fengfei Sun , Ningke Li , Kailong Wang , Lorenz Goette

Best-of-N selection is a key technique for improving the reasoning performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) through increased test-time computation. Current state-of-the-art methods often employ computationally intensive reward models…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-15 Zhewei Kang , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

The application scope of large language models (LLMs) is increasingly expanding. In practical use, users might provide feedback based on the model's output, hoping for a responsive model that can complete responses according to their…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-07-25 Jianhao Yan , Yun Luo , Yue Zhang

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities, they remain susceptible to sophisticated, multi-step jailbreak attacks that circumvent conventional surface-level safety alignment by exploiting the internal generation…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-21 Jiachen Ma , Jiawen Zhang , Xiangtian Li , Bo Zou , Chaochao Lu , Chao Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are able to improve their responses when instructed to do so, a capability known as self-correction. When instructions provide only a general and abstract goal without specific details about potential issues in…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-28 Guangliang Liu , Haitao Mao , Bochuan Cao , Zhiyu Xue , Xitong Zhang , Rongrong Wang , Kristen Marie Johnson

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive achievements in solving a broad range of tasks. Augmented by instruction fine-tuning, LLMs have also been shown to generalize in zero-shot settings as well. However, whether LLMs closely…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-30 Noah Lee , Na Min An , James Thorne

Large language models (LLMs) are commonly evaluated on tasks that test their knowledge or reasoning abilities. In this paper, we explore a different type of evaluation: whether an LLM can predict aspects of its own responses. Since LLMs…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-19 Elon Ezra , Ariel Weizman , Amos Azaria

Ambiguity in natural language poses significant challenges to Large Language Models (LLMs) used for open-domain question answering. LLMs often struggle with the inherent uncertainties of human communication, leading to misinterpretations,…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Aryan Keluskar , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Huan Liu

In-context learning with large language models (LLMs) excels at adapting to various tasks rapidly. However, its success hinges on carefully selecting demonstrations, which remains an obstacle in practice. Current approaches to this problem…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-15 Shangqing Xu , Chao Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are employed across various high-stakes domains, where the reliability of their outputs is crucial. One commonly used method to assess the reliability of LLMs' responses is uncertainty estimation, which gauges…

It is important for Large Language Models (LLMs) to be aware of the boundary of their knowledge, distinguishing queries they can confidently answer from those that lie beyond their capabilities. Such awareness enables models to perform…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-05 Lihu Chen , Gerard de Melo , Fabian M. Suchanek , Gaël Varoquaux

This paper introduces a novel task to assess the faithfulness of large language models (LLMs) using local perturbations and self-explanations. Many LLMs often require additional context to answer certain questions correctly. For this…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-24 Christos Fragkathoulas , Odysseas S. Chlapanis

There is ongoing debate about whether large language models (LLMs) can serve as substitutes for human participants in survey and experimental research. While recent work in fields such as marketing and psychology has explored the potential…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-12-30 Steven Wang , Kyle Hunt , Shaojie Tang , Kenneth Joseph

The reliability of large language models (LLMs) is greatly compromised by their tendency to hallucinate, underscoring the need for precise identification of knowledge gaps within LLMs. Various methods for probing such gaps exist, ranging…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-02 Raoyuan Zhao , Abdullatif Köksal , Ali Modarressi , Michael A. Hedderich , Hinrich Schütze

Self-reflection -- the ability of a large language model (LLM) to revisit, evaluate, and revise its own reasoning -- has recently emerged as a powerful behavior enabled by reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). While…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-17 Xudong Zhu , Jiachen Jiang , Mohammad Mahdi Khalili , Zhihui Zhu

The prevalence of fake news on social media demands automated fact-checking systems to provide accurate verdicts with faithful explanations. However, existing large language model (LLM)-based approaches ignore deceptive misinformation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-21 Chuyi Kong , Gao Wei , Jing Ma , Hongzhan Lin , Yuxi Sun

Long-context handling remains a core challenge for language models: even with extended context windows, models often fail to reliably extract, reason over, and use the information across long contexts. Recent works like Recursive Language…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Keivan Alizadeh , Parshin Shojaee , Minsik Cho , Mehrdad Farajtabar