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Online Reinforcement Learning (RL) offers a promising paradigm for enhancing GUI agents through direct environment interaction. However, its effectiveness is severely hindered by inefficient credit assignment in long-horizon tasks and…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-06 Han Xiao , Guozhi Wang , Hao Wang , Shilong Liu , Yuxiang Chai , Yue Pan , Yufeng Zhou , Xiaoxin Chen , Yafei Wen , Hongsheng Li

Large Language Models (LLMs), while powerful, are built and trained to process a single text input. In common applications, multiple inputs can be processed by concatenating them together into a single stream of text. However, the LLM is…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Keegan Hines , Gary Lopez , Matthew Hall , Federico Zarfati , Yonatan Zunger , Emre Kiciman

Textual prompt tuning has demonstrated significant performance improvements in adapting natural language processing models to a variety of downstream tasks by treating hand-engineered prompts as trainable parameters. Inspired by the success…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-28 Jiachen Sun , Mark Ibrahim , Melissa Hall , Ivan Evtimov , Z. Morley Mao , Cristian Canton Ferrer , Caner Hazirbas

As LLMs are increasingly integrated into systems that browse, retrieve, summarize, and act on web content, webpages have become an untrusted input vector for downstream model behavior. This enables site owners, contributors, and adversaries…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-01 Soheil Khodayari , Xuenan Zhang , Bhupendra Acharya , Giancarlo Pellegrino

The proliferation of agentic AI coding assistants, including Claude Code, GitHub Copilot, Cursor, and emerging skill-based architectures, has fundamentally transformed software development workflows. These systems leverage Large Language…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Narek Maloyan , Dmitry Namiot

Prompt injection is the most critical vulnerability in deployed AI agents. Despite recent progress, we show that the prevailing defense paradigm (data-instruction separation) both fails to detect attacks that operate through contextual…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Sahar Abdelnabi , Eugene Bagdasarian

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are an emerging computing paradigm that blends generative machine learning with tools such as code interpreters, web browsing, email, and more generally, external resources. These agent-based systems…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-23 Xiaohan Fu , Shuheng Li , Zihan Wang , Yihao Liu , Rajesh K. Gupta , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

Visual explanation (attention)-guided learning uses not only labels but also explanations to guide model reasoning process. While visual attention-guided learning has shown promising results, it requires a large number of explanation…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-21 Yifei Zhang , Siyi Gu , Bo Pan , Guangji Bai , Meikang Qiu , Xiaofeng Yang , Liang Zhao

Mixed-initiative visual analytics (VA) systems, where human and artificial intelligence (AI) agents collaborate as equal partners during analysis, represented a paradigm shift in human-computer interaction. With recent advances in AI, these…

Autonomous web navigation agents, which translate natural language instructions into sequences of browser actions, are increasingly deployed for complex tasks across e-commerce, information retrieval, and content discovery. Due to the…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-06-24 Atharv Singh Patlan , Ashwin Hebbar , Pramod Viswanath , Prateek Mittal

Autonomous agents powered by large vision and language models (VLM) have demonstrated significant potential in completing daily computer tasks, such as browsing the web to book travel and operating desktop software, which requires agents to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Yanzhe Zhang , Tao Yu , Diyi Yang

The real-world deployment of Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models remains limited by the risk of unpredictable and irreversible physical harm. However, we currently lack effective mechanisms to proactively detect these physical safety risks…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2026-04-27 Yuhao Zhang , Borong Zhang , Jiaming Fan , Jiachen Shen , Yishuai Cai , Yaodong Yang , Jiaming Ji

VLA architectures that pair a pretrained VLM with a flow-matching action expert have emerged as a strong paradigm for language-conditioned manipulation. Yet the VLM, optimized for semantic abstraction and typically conditioned on static…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-16 Zezhou Zhang , Songxin Zhang , Xiao Xiong , Junjie Zhang , Zejian Xie , Jingyi Xi , Zunyao Mao , Zan Mao , Zhixin Mai , Zhuoyang Song , Jiaxing Zhang

The rapid integration of Generative AI (GenAI) into various applications necessitates robust risk management strategies which includes Red Teaming (RT) - an evaluation method for simulating adversarial attacks. Unfortunately, RT for GenAI…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-01 Tam n. Nguyen

Activation probes are attractive monitors for AI systems due to low cost and latency, but their real-world robustness remains underexplored. We ask: What failure modes arise under realistic, black-box adversarial pressure, and how can we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-11-04 Phil Blandfort , Robert Graham

We present MUG, a novel interactive task for multimodal grounding where a user and an agent work collaboratively on an interface screen. Prior works modeled multimodal UI grounding in one round: the user gives a command and the agent…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-03 Tao Li , Gang Li , Jingjie Zheng , Purple Wang , Yang Li

We present a novel perception model named Herd's Eye View (HEV) that adopts a global perspective derived from multiple agents to boost the decision-making capabilities of reinforcement learning (RL) agents in multi-agent environments,…

多智能体系统 · 计算机科学 2023-08-16 Andrew Nash , Andrew Vardy , David Churchill

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS) show promise on complex tasks but remain prone to coordination failures such as goal drift, error cascades, and misaligned behaviors. We propose Explicit Trait Inference (ETI), a psychologically grounded…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-23 Suhaib Abdurahman , Etsuko Ishii , Katerina Margatina , Divya Bhargavi , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

The adoption of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in embodied AI agents, while being effective, brings safety concerns such as jailbreaking. Prior work have explored the possibility of directly jailbreaking the embodied agents through…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Chunyang Li , Zifeng Kang , Junwei Zhang , Zhuo Ma , Anda Cheng , Xinghua Li , Jianfeng Ma

Web-based agents powered by large language models are increasingly used for tasks such as email management or professional networking. Their reliance on dynamic web content, however, makes them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks:…