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Watermarking approaches are proposed to identify if text being circulated is human or large language model (LLM) generated. The state-of-the-art watermarking strategy of Kirchenbauer et al. (2023a) biases the LLM to generate specific…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-03-25 Qilong Wu , Varun Chandrasekaran

Watermarking has become a key technique for proprietary language models, enabling the distinction between AI-generated and human-written text. However, in many real-world scenarios, LLM-generated content may undergo post-generation edits,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-10-03 Liyan Xie , Muhammad Siddeek , Mohamed Seif , Andrea J. Goldsmith , Mengdi Wang

The Improved Cross-Entropy (ICE) method is a powerful tool for estimating failure probabilities in reliability analysis. Its core idea is to approximate the optimal importance-sampling density by minimizing the forward Kullback-Leibler…

数值分析 · 数学 2025-09-10 Zhiwei Gao , George Karniadakis

In artificial intelligence (AI), the complexity of many models and processes surpasses human understanding, making it challenging to determine why a specific prediction is made. This lack of transparency is particularly problematic in…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-06-30 Alexandra Stadler , Werner G. Müller , Radoslav Harman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in complex natural language processing tasks but raise privacy and security concerns due to the lack of identity recognition. This paper proposes a multi-party credible watermarking framework…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-17 Haoyu Jiang , Xuhong Wang , Ping Yi , Shanzhe Lei , Yilun Lin

To mitigate the potential harms of Large Language Models (LLMs)generated text, researchers have proposed watermarking, a process of embedding detectable signals within text. With watermarking, we can always accurately detect LLM-generated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-19 William Guo , Adaku Uchendu , Ana Smith

Watermarking (WM) is a critical mechanism for detecting and attributing AI-generated content. Current WM methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) are predominantly tailored for autoregressive (AR) models: They rely on tokens being generated…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Ofek Raban , Ethan Fetaya , Gal Chechik

Reasoning LLMs show improved performance with longer chains of thought. However, recent work has highlighted their tendency to overthink, continuing to revise answers even after reaching the correct solution. We quantitatively confirm this…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-09 Xi Wang , James McInerney , Lequn Wang , Nathan Kallus

Generation-time text watermarking embeds statistical signals into text for traceability of AI-generated content. We explore *post-hoc watermarking* where an LLM rewrites existing text while applying generation-time watermarking, to protect…

We propose a novel LLM-based framework for reasoning in discrete, game-theoretic tasks, illustrated with \emph{Tic-Tac-Toe}. The method integrates in-context learning with entropy-guided chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning and adaptive context…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Tommaso Felice Banfi , Sashenka Gamage

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating highly coherent and contextually relevant text introduces new risks, including misuse for unethical purposes such as disinformation or academic dishonesty. To address these…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Zhenyu Xu , Kun Zhang , Victor S. Sheng

The development of large language models (LLMs) has raised concerns about potential misuse. One practical solution is to embed a watermark in the text, allowing ownership verification through watermark extraction. Existing methods primarily…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-04 Yuhang Cai , Yaofei Wang , Donghui Hu , Chen Gu

Multi-step processes via large language models (LLMs) have proven effective for solving complex reasoning tasks. However, the depth of exploration of the reasoning procedure can significantly affect the task performance. Existing methods to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-06-19 Jinghan Zhang , Xiting Wang , Fengran Mo , Yeyang Zhou , Wanfu Gao , Kunpeng Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved notable progress. Despite their success, next-token prediction (NTP), the dominant method for LLM training and inference, is constrained in both contextual coverage and inference efficiency due to…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-23 Xiaohao Liu , Xiaobo Xia , Weixiang Zhao , Manyi Zhang , Xianzhi Yu , Xiu Su , Shuo Yang , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

This paper surveys evaluation techniques to enhance the trustworthiness and understanding of Large Language Models (LLMs). As reliance on LLMs grows, ensuring their reliability, fairness, and transparency is crucial. We explore algorithmic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-05 Nik Bear Brown

The pervasiveness of proprietary language models has raised critical privacy concerns, necessitating advancements in private inference (PI), where computations are performed directly on encrypted data without revealing users' sensitive…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-10 Nandan Kumar Jha , Brandon Reagen

In this paper, online linear regression in environments corrupted by non-Gaussian noise (especially heavy-tailed noise) is addressed. In such environments, the error between the system output and the label also does not follow a Gaussian…

信息论 · 计算机科学 2021-05-13 Sajjad Bahrami , Ertem Tuncel

Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be very capable, but access to frontier models currently relies on inference providers. This introduces trust challenges: how can we be sure that the provider is using the model configuration they…

Watermarking has emerged as a promising technique for detecting texts generated by LLMs. Current research has primarily focused on three design criteria: high quality of the watermarked text, high detectability, and robustness against…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-04-11 Li An , Yujian Liu , Yepeng Liu , Yang Zhang , Yuheng Bu , Shiyu Chang

Information Extraction (IE) is an essential task in Natural Language Processing. Traditional methods have relied on coarse-grained extraction with simple instructions. However, with the emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-10 Jun Gao , Huan Zhao , Yice Zhang , Wei Wang , Changlong Yu , Ruifeng Xu
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