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Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with classic first-order optimizers entails prohibitive GPU memory due to the backpropagation process. Recent works have turned to zeroth-order optimizers for fine-tuning, which save substantial…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-19 Yanjun Zhao , Sizhe Dang , Haishan Ye , Guang Dai , Yi Qian , Ivor W. Tsang

In this paper, we design and analyze a new zeroth-order online algorithm, namely, the zeroth-order online alternating direction method of multipliers (ZOO-ADMM), which enjoys dual advantages of being gradient-free operation and employing…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-02-20 Sijia Liu , Jie Chen , Pin-Yu Chen , Alfred O. Hero

This paper considers the distributed convex-concave minimax optimization under the second-order similarity. We propose stochastic variance-reduced optimistic gradient sliding (SVOGS) method, which takes the advantage of the finite-sum…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-05-28 Qihao Zhou , Haishan Ye , Luo Luo

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with zeroth-order (ZO) optimization reduces memory by approximating gradients through function evaluations. However, existing methods essentially perform updates in a one-dimensional space, and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-19 Jian Feng , Zhihong Huang

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is widely used to handle challenging tasks, such as query-based black-box adversarial attacks and reinforcement learning. Various attempts have been made to integrate prior information into the gradient…

机器学习 · 统计学 2021-11-09 Shuyu Cheng , Guoqiang Wu , Jun Zhu

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization has long been favored for its biological plausibility and its capacity to handle non-differentiable objectives, yet its computational complexity has historically limited its application in deep neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-12 Sansheng Cao , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

In this work, to efficiently help escape the stationary and saddle points, we propose, analyze, and generalize a stochastic strategy performed as an operator for a first-order gradient descent algorithm in order to increase the target…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-05-23 Wei Zhang , Yu Bao

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization, learning from finite differences of function evaluations without backpropagation, has recently regained attention in deep learning due to its memory efficiency and applicability to gray- or black-box…

The graduated optimization approach, also known as the continuation method, is a popular heuristic to solving non-convex problems that has received renewed interest over the last decade. Despite its popularity, very little is known in terms…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2015-07-28 Elad Hazan , Kfir Y. Levy , Shai Shalev-Shwartz

We consider the problem of optimizing a high-dimensional convex function using stochastic zeroth-order queries. Under sparsity assumptions on the gradients or function values, we present two algorithms: a successive component/feature…

机器学习 · 统计学 2018-02-27 Yining Wang , Simon Du , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Aarti Singh

Hybrid pipelines that combine deep learning with classical optimization have established themselves as the dominant approach to visual odometry (VO). By integrating neural network predictions with bundle adjustment, these models estimate…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-10 Vlardimir Yugay , Duy-Kien Nguyen , Theo Gevers , Cees G. M. Snoek , Martin R. Oswald

Language Models (LLMs) are often quantized to lower precision to reduce the memory cost and latency in inference. However, quantization often degrades model performance, thus fine-tuning is required for various down-stream tasks.…

In this paper, we propose a method of distributed stochastic gradient descent (SGD), with low communication load and computational complexity, and still fast convergence. To reduce the communication load, at each iteration of the algorithm,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-30 Naeimeh Omidvar , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali , Hamed Mahdavi

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization is being recognized as a simple yet powerful alternative to standard backpropagation (BP)-based training. Notably, ZO optimization allows for training with only forward passes and (almost) the same memory as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-09 Keisuke Sugiura , Hiroki Matsutani

We study a class of zeroth-order distributed optimization problems, where each agent can control a partial vector and observe a local cost that depends on the joint vector of all agents, and the agents can communicate with each other with…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-01-09 Xinran Zheng , Tara Javidi , Behrouz Touri

Stochastic bilevel optimization (SBO) has been integrated into many machine learning paradigms recently, including hyperparameter optimization, meta learning, and reinforcement learning. Along with the wide range of applications, there have…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-07 Xuelin Zhang , Hong Chen , Bin Gu , Tieliang Gong , Feng Zheng

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization provides a powerful framework for problems where explicit gradients are unavailable and have to be approximated using only queries to function value. The prevalent single-query approach is simple, but suffers…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Wei Lin , Qingyu Song , Hong Xu

Stochastic optimization algorithms with variance reduction have proven successful for minimizing large finite sums of functions. Unfortunately, these techniques are unable to deal with stochastic perturbations of input data, induced for…

机器学习 · 统计学 2017-11-16 Alberto Bietti , Julien Mairal

Stochastic optimization algorithms are widely used for machine learning with large-scale data. However, their convergence often suffers from non-vanishing variance. Variance Reduction (VR) methods, such as SVRG and SARAH, address this issue…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-12 Daniil Medyakov , Gleb Molodtsov , Savelii Chezhegov , Alexey Rebrikov , Aleksandr Beznosikov

The minimax excess risk optimization (MERO) problem is a new variation of the traditional distributionally robust optimization (DRO) problem, which achieves uniformly low regret across all test distributions under suitable conditions. In…

最优化与控制 · 数学 2024-08-23 Zhihao Gu , Zi Xu