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When training classification models, it expects that the learned features are compact within classes, and can well separate different classes. As the dominant loss function for training classification models, minimizing cross-entropy (CE)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-12 Qiufu Li , Huibin Xiao , Linlin Shen

Self-play fine-tuning has demonstrated promising abilities in adapting large language models (LLMs) to downstream tasks with limited real-world data. The basic principle is to iteratively refine the model with real samples and synthetic…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Yibo Wang , Qing-Guo Chen , Zhao Xu , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang , Lijun Zhang

Recent work shows that in-context learning and optimization of in-context examples (ICE) can significantly improve the accuracy of large language models (LLMs) on a wide range of tasks, leading to an apparent consensus that ICE optimization…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-07 Pragya Srivastava , Satvik Golechha , Amit Deshpande , Amit Sharma

In real-world scenarios, many large-scale datasets often contain inaccurate labels, i.e., noisy labels, which may confuse model training and lead to performance degradation. To overcome this issue, Label Noise Learning (LNL) has recently…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-03-22 Yongliang Ding , Tao Zhou , Chuang Zhang , Yijing Luo , Juan Tang , Chen Gong

Recently, speech separation (SS) task has achieved remarkable progress driven by deep learning technique. However, it is still challenging to separate target speech from noisy mixture, as the neural model is vulnerable to assign background…

声音 · 计算机科学 2024-01-09 Zizheng Zhang , Chen Chen , Hsin-Hung Chen , Xiang Liu , Yuchen Hu , Eng Siong Chng

We introduce Sequential Neural Posterior Score Estimation (SNPSE), a score-based method for Bayesian inference in simulator-based models. Our method, inspired by the remarkable success of score-based methods in generative modelling,…

机器学习 · 统计学 2024-06-04 Louis Sharrock , Jack Simons , Song Liu , Mark Beaumont

Neural ranking models (NRMs) have become one of the most important techniques in information retrieval (IR). Due to the limitation of relevance labels, the training of NRMs heavily relies on negative sampling over unlabeled data. In general…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2022-09-13 Yinqiong Cai , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Qingyao Ai , Ruqing Zhang , Xueqi Cheng

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) have been widely used for generative modeling. Contrastive Divergence (CD), a prevailing training objective for EBMs, requires sampling from the EBM with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods (MCMCs), which leads to an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-07-06 Weijian Luo , Hao Jiang , Tianyang Hu , Jiacheng Sun , Zhenguo Li , Zhihua Zhang

Density estimation is a central primitive in probabilistic modeling, yet continuous, discrete, and mixed-variable domains are often treated by separate objectives, limiting the ability to exploit a common statistical structure across data…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Zhijun Zeng , Yixuan Jiang , Pipi Hu , Zuoqiang Shi

In this paper, we study a novel and widely existing problem in graph matching (GM), namely, Bi-level Noisy Correspondence (BNC), which refers to node-level noisy correspondence (NNC) and edge-level noisy correspondence (ENC). In brief, on…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-08-08 Yijie Lin , Mouxing Yang , Jun Yu , Peng Hu , Changqing Zhang , Xi Peng

Recent works (e.g., (Li and Arora, 2020)) suggest that the use of popular normalization schemes (including Batch Normalization) in today's deep learning can move it far from a traditional optimization viewpoint, e.g., use of exponentially…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-10-07 Zhiyuan Li , Kaifeng Lyu , Sanjeev Arora

Consistency Models (CM) (Song et al., 2023) accelerate score-based diffusion model sampling at the cost of sample quality but lack a natural way to trade-off quality for speed. To address this limitation, we propose Consistency Trajectory…

Energy-based models (EBM) have become increasingly popular within computer vision. EBMs bring a probabilistic approach to training deep neural networks (DNN) and have been shown to enhance performance in areas such as calibration,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-04-05 Jacob Piland , Christopher Sweet , Priscila Saboia , Charles Vardeman , Adam Czajka

We present a supervised learning framework of training generative models for density estimation. Generative models, including generative adversarial networks, normalizing flows, variational auto-encoders, are usually considered as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-24 Yanfang Liu , Minglei Yang , Zezhong Zhang , Feng Bao , Yanzhao Cao , Guannan Zhang

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are a ubiquitous modeling framework that finds applications in physics, biology, engineering, social science, and finance. Due to the availability of large-scale data sets, there is growing interest…

机器学习 · 统计学 2025-03-04 Ziheng Guo , James Greene , Ming Zhong

Contrastive learning has been gradually applied to learn high-quality unsupervised sentence embedding. Among the previous un-supervised methods, the latest state-of-the-art method, as far as we know, is unsupervised SimCSE (unsup-SimCSE).…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-09-13 Xing Wu , Chaochen Gao , Yipeng Su , Jizhong Han , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Soft targets combined with the cross-entropy loss have shown to improve generalization performance of deep neural networks on supervised classification tasks. The standard cross-entropy loss however assumes data to be categorically…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-16 Johannes Hugger , Virginie Uhlmann

This paper studies the fundamental learning problem of the energy-based model (EBM). Learning the EBM can be achieved using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), which typically involves the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling, such…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-12-06 Jiali Cui , Tian Han

GRPO is a standard approach to endowing pretrained LLMs with reasoning capabilities. It estimates the advantage of an outcome from a group of $K$ outcomes, and promotes those with positive advantages inside a trust region. Since GRPO…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-02 Wenzheng Zhang , Karl Stratos

Contrastive learning-based methods, such as unsup-SimCSE, have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA) performances in learning unsupervised sentence embeddings. However, in previous studies, each embedding used for contrastive learning only…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-05-19 Hongliang He , Junlei Zhang , Zhenzhong Lan , Yue Zhang