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Identifying out-of-distribution (OOD) data at inference time is crucial for many machine learning applications, especially for automation. We present a novel unsupervised semi-parametric framework COMBOOD for OOD detection with respect to…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-02-10 Magesh Rajasekaran , Md Saiful Islam Sajol , Frej Berglind , Supratik Mukhopadhyay , Kamalika Das

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a critical task for reliable machine learning. Recent advances in representation learning give rise to distance-based OOD detection, where testing samples are detected as OOD if they are relatively far…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-04-18 Yifei Ming , Yiyou Sun , Ousmane Dia , Yixuan Li

In addition to accurate scene understanding through precise semantic segmentation of LiDAR point clouds, detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) objects, instances not encountered during training, is essential to prevent the incorrect…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-13 Hanieh Shojaei Miandashti , Claus Brenner

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection lies at the heart of robust artificial intelligence (AI), aiming to identify samples from novel distributions beyond the training set. Recent approaches have exploited feature representations as…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-08-06 Tarhib Al Azad , Faizul Rakib Sayem , Shahana Ibrahim

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have found widespread application in modeling graph data across diverse domains. While GNNs excel in scenarios where the testing data shares the distribution of their training counterparts (in distribution, ID),…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-01-15 Luzhi Wang , Dongxiao He , He Zhang , Yixin Liu , Wenjie Wang , Shirui Pan , Di Jin , Tat-Seng Chua

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection identifies test samples that fall outside a model's training distribution, a capability critical for safe deployment in high-stakes applications. Standard OOD detectors are trained on a specific…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Shawn Li , You Qin , Jiate Li , Charith Peris , Lisa Bauer , Roger Zimmermann , Yue Zhao

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important task in machine learning systems for ensuring their reliability and safety. Deep probabilistic generative models facilitate OOD detection by estimating the likelihood of a data sample.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-06-16 Jaemoo Choi , Changyeon Yoon , Jeongwoo Bae , Myungjoo Kang

In many cases, neural network classifiers are likely to be exposed to input data that is outside of their training distribution data. Samples from outside the distribution may be classified as an existing class with high probability by…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-03-24 Guy Amit , Ishai Rosenberg , Moshe Levy , Ron Bitton , Asaf Shabtai , Yuval Elovici

Out-of-distribution detection is a common issue in deploying vision models in practice and solving it is an essential building block in safety critical applications. Most of the existing OOD detection solutions focus on improving the OOD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-06 Tomas Vojir , Jan Sochman , Rahaf Aljundi , Jiri Matas

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) instances is significant for the safe deployment of NLP models. Among recent textual OOD detection works based on pretrained language models (PLMs), distance-based methods have shown superior performance.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-10-17 Sishuo Chen , Xiaohan Bi , Rundong Gao , Xu Sun

Deep neural networks are increasingly used in a wide range of technologies and services, but remain highly susceptible to out-of-distribution (OOD) samples, that is, drawn from a different distribution than the original training set. A…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-04-17 Pietro Recalcati , Fabio Garcea , Luca Piano , Fabrizio Lamberti , Lia Morra

When presented with Out-of-Distribution (OOD) examples, deep neural networks yield confident, incorrect predictions. Detecting OOD examples is challenging, and the potential risks are high. In this paper, we propose to detect OOD examples…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2020-01-10 Chandramouli Shama Sastry , Sageev Oore

Out-of-Distribution (OoD) detection aims to justify whether a given sample is from the training distribution of the classifier-under-protection, i.e., In-Distribution (InD), or from OoD. Diffusion Models (DMs) are recently utilized in OoD…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-11-20 Kun Fang , Qinghua Tao , Zuopeng Yang , Xiaolin Huang , Jie Yang

In order for robots to safely navigate in unseen scenarios using learning-based methods, it is important to accurately detect out-of-training-distribution (OoD) situations online. Recently, Gaussian process state-space models (GPSSMs) have…

机器人学 · 计算机科学 2023-09-19 Alonso Marco , Elias Morley , Claire J. Tomlin

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detectors can act as safety monitors in embedded cyber-physical systems by identifying samples outside a machine learning model's training distribution to prevent potentially unsafe actions. However, OOD detectors…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-09-04 Aditya Bansal , Michael Yuhas , Arvind Easwaran

Machine Learning classifiers used in Brain-Computer Interfaces make classifications based on the distribution of data they were trained on. When they need to make inferences on samples that fall outside of this distribution, they can only…

Reliable out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is fundamental to implementing safer modern machine learning (ML) systems. In this paper, we introduce Igeood, an effective method for detecting OOD samples. Igeood applies to any pre-trained…

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is critical to ensuring the reliability and safety of machine learning systems. For instance, in autonomous driving, we would like the driving system to issue an alert and hand over the control to humans…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2024-01-24 Jingkang Yang , Kaiyang Zhou , Yixuan Li , Ziwei Liu

Detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) samples are crucial for machine learning models deployed in open-world environments. Classifier-based scores are a standard approach for OOD detection due to their fine-grained detection capability.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-09-27 Jaewoo Park , Yoon Gyo Jung , Andrew Beng Jin Teoh

Autonomous agents for cyber applications take advantage of modern defense techniques by adopting intelligent agents with conventional and learning-enabled components. These intelligent agents are trained via reinforcement learning (RL)…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-12-05 Ankita Samaddar , Nicholas Potteiger , Xenofon Koutsoukos