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相关论文: RoFL: Robust Fingerprinting of Language Models

200 篇论文

The protection of Intellectual Property (IP) for Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a critical concern as model theft and unauthorized commercialization escalate. While adversarial fingerprinting offers a promising black-box solution…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-28 Zhebo Wang , Zhenhua Xu , Maike Li , Wenpeng Xing , Chunqiang Hu , Chen Zhi , Meng Han

This paper presents a survey and taxonomy of LLM fingerprinting and watermarking for identity, ownership verification, provenance, and generated-content attribution. Large language models (LLMs) require substantial investments in data,…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Bing Liu , Shunping Wang , Yufan Zhu , Xinyi Yu , Jing Huang , Linkang Du , Hongbin Pei , Wei Luo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational in modern artificial intelligence, powering a wide range of applications from code generation and virtual assistants to scientific research and enterprise automation. However, concerns…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-20 Le Vu Anh , Dinh Duc Nha Nguyen , Phi Long Nguyen

The protection of Intellectual Property (IP) in Large Language Models (LLMs) represents a critical challenge in contemporary AI research. While fingerprinting techniques have emerged as a fundamental mechanism for detecting unauthorized…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-12-04 Hanxiu Zhang , Yue Zheng

Model fingerprinting has emerged as a promising paradigm for claiming model ownership. However, robustness evaluations of these schemes have mostly focused on benign perturbations such as incremental fine-tuning, model merging, and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Anshul Nasery , Edoardo Contente , Alkin Kaz , Pramod Viswanath , Sewoong Oh

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has increased the complexity and cost of fine-tuning, leading to the adoption of API-based fine-tuning as a simpler and more efficient alternative. While this method is popular among…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-17 Hongyu Su , Yifeng Gao , Yifan Ding , Xingjun Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly transforming the landscape of digital content creation. However, the prevalent black-box Application Programming Interface (API) access to many LLMs introduces significant challenges in…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-01-21 Zhiyuan Fu , Junfan Chen , Lan Zhang , Ting Yang , Jun Niu , Hongyu Sun , Ruidong Li , Peng Liu , Jice Wang , Fannv He , Qiuling Yue , Yuqing Zhang

Training large language models (LLMs) is resource-intensive and expensive, making protecting intellectual property (IP) for LLMs crucial. Recently, embedding fingerprints into LLMs has emerged as a prevalent method for establishing model…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-08-13 Jiaxuan Wu , Yinghan Zhou , Wanli Peng , Yiming Xue , Juan Wen , Ping Zhong

Training large language models (LLMs) is resource-intensive and expensive, making protecting intellectual property (IP) for LLMs crucial. Recently, embedding fingerprints into LLMs has emerged as a prevalent method for establishing model…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-26 Jiaxuan Wu , Wanli Peng , Hang Fu , Yiming Xue , Juan Wen

The behavior of LLMs does not depend solely on the model itself. Components of the inference system, such as the inference engine, attention backend, and hardware platform, subtly influence how inputs are processed. These components differ…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Anna Wimbauer , Jonas Möller , Erik Imgrund , Konrad Rieck

Current benchmarks for Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily focus on performance metrics, often failing to capture the nuanced behavioral characteristics that differentiate them. This paper introduces a novel ``Behavioral Fingerprinting''…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-08 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Ying Zhang , Zhiyuan Yang , Xing Li , Xianzhi Yu , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in text understanding and generation, and they are increasingly being utilized across various domains to enhance productivity. However, due to the high costs of…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-11-05 Yu Mao , Xueping Liao , Wei Liu , Anjia Yang

Fingerprinting Large Language Models (LLMs)is essential for provenance verification and model attribution. Existing fingerprinting methods are primarily evaluated after fine-tuning, where models have already acquired stable signatures from…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Yao Tong , Haonan Wang , Siquan Li , Kenji Kawaguchi , Tianyang Hu

Recent studies have shown that the outputs from large language models (LLMs) can often reveal the identity of their source model. While this is a natural consequence of LLMs modeling the distribution of their training data, such…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Teppei Suzuki , Ryokan Ri , Sho Takase

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents that orchestrate tasks and integrate external tools to execute complex workflows. We demonstrate that these interactive behaviors leave distinctive fingerprints in encrypted…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-10-09 Yixiang Zhang , Xinhao Deng , Zhongyi Gu , Yihao Chen , Ke Xu , Qi Li , Jianping Wu

Relay and reseller APIs increasingly intermediate access to large language models (LLMs), but users have no direct way to verify that a claimed endpoint is actually serving the advertised model. We introduce KBF, a low-cost black-box…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Yijia Fang , Yiqing Feng , Bingyu Li , Mingxun Zhou

Protecting the intellectual property of Large Language Models (LLMs) has become increasingly critical due to the high cost of training. Model merging, which integrates multiple expert models into a single multi-task model, introduces a…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-05-19 Shojiro Yamabe , Futa Waseda , Tsubasa Takahashi , Koki Wataoka

It has been shown that finetuned transformers and other supervised detectors effectively distinguish between human and machine-generated text in some situations arXiv:2305.13242, but we find that even simple classifiers on top of n-gram and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Hope McGovern , Rickard Stureborg , Yoshi Suhara , Dimitris Alikaniotis

The tremendous commercial potential of large language models (LLMs) has heightened concerns about their unauthorized use. Third parties can customize LLMs through fine-tuning and offer only black-box API access, effectively concealing…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Ziqing Yang , Yixin Wu , Yun Shen , Wei Dai , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

The widespread use of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises critical concerns regarding the unauthorized inclusion of copyrighted content in training data. Existing detection frameworks, such as DE-COP, are computationally intensive, and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-20 David Szczecina , Senan Gaffori , Edmond Li