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The development of state-of-the-art large language models is commonly understood as a two-stage process involving pre-training and post-training. We point out the need for an additional intermediate stage called reinforcement mid-training…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-30 Yijun Tian , Shaoyu Chen , Zhichao Xu , Yawei Wang , Jinhe Bi , Peng Han , Wei Wang

Amazon and other e-commerce sites must employ mechanisms to protect their millions of customers from fraud, such as unauthorized use of credit cards. One such mechanism is order fraud evaluation, where systems evaluate orders for fraud…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-12-07 Soysal Degirmenci , Chris Jones

Action delays degrade the performance of reinforcement learning in many real-world systems. This paper proposes a formal definition of delay-aware Markov Decision Process and proves it can be transformed into standard MDP with augmented…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2021-05-10 Baiming Chen , Mengdi Xu , Liang Li , Ding Zhao

A major challenge of reinforcement learning (RL) in real-world applications is the variation between environments, tasks or clients. Meta-RL (MRL) addresses this issue by learning a meta-policy that adapts to new tasks. Standard MRL methods…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-03 Ido Greenberg , Shie Mannor , Gal Chechik , Eli Meirom

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown great promise for developing dialogue management (DM) agents that are non-myopic, conduct rich conversations, and maximize overall user satisfaction. Despite recent developments in RL and language…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Dhawal Gupta , Yinlam Chow , Aza Tulepbergenov , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Craig Boutilier

This paper sets forth a framework for deep reinforcement learning as applied to market making (DRLMM) for cryptocurrencies. Two advanced policy gradient-based algorithms were selected as agents to interact with an environment that…

交易与市场微观结构 · 定量金融 2019-11-21 Jonathan Sadighian

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a powerful technology that produces complex 3D geometries using various materials in a layer-by-layer fashion. However, quality assurance is the main challenge in AM industry due to the possible time-varying…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-01 Jihoon Chung , Bo Shen , Andrew Chung Chee Law , Zhenyu , Kong

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven a stunning ability to learn optimal policies from data without any prior knowledge on the process. The main drawback of RL is that it is typically very difficult to guarantee stability and safety. On…

系统与控制 · 电气工程与系统科学 2020-05-12 Mario Zanon , Vyacheslav Kungurtsev , Sébastien Gros

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards~(RLVR) has become a prominent paradigm to enhance the capabilities (i.e.\ long-context) of Large Language Models~(LLMs). However, it often relies on gold-standard answers or explicit evaluation…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-03 Yao Xiao , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Guanzheng Chen , Ziqi Jin , Jung-jae Kim , Xiaoli Li , Roy Ka-wei Lee , Lidong Bing

The integration of reinforcement learning (RL) into large language models (LLMs) has opened new opportunities for recommender systems by eliciting reasoning and improving user preference modeling. However, RL-based LLM recommendation faces…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-02-05 Lin Wang , Yang Zhang , Jingfan Chen , Xiaoyan Zhao , Fengbin Zhu , Qing Li , Tat-Seng Chua

This work provides a Deep Reinforcement Learning approach to solving a periodic review inventory control system with stochastic vendor lead times, lost sales, correlated demand, and price matching. While this dynamic program has…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-11-30 Dhruv Madeka , Kari Torkkola , Carson Eisenach , Anna Luo , Dean P. Foster , Sham M. Kakade

Reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) has proven effective in eliciting complex reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, standard RLVR training often leads to excessively verbose processes (in reasoning tasks) and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-10-01 Gang Li , Yulei Qin , Xiaoyu Tan , Dingkang Yang , Yuchen Shi , Zihan Xu , Xiang Li , Xing Sun , Ke Li

Rewards serve as a measure of user satisfaction and act as a limiting factor in interactive recommender systems. In this research, we focus on the problem of learning to reward (LTR), which is fundamental to reinforcement learning. Previous…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Jialin Liu , Xinyan Su , Zeyu He , Xiangyu Zhao , Jun Li

We study reinforcement learning (RL) problems in which agents observe the reward or transition realizations at their current state before deciding which action to take. Such observations are available in many applications, including…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-10-22 Nadav Merlis

The increasing prevalence of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 in various applications has led to a surge in the size of prompts required for optimal performance, leading to challenges in computational efficiency. Prompt…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-12-19 Shivam Shandilya , Menglin Xia , Supriyo Ghosh , Huiqiang Jiang , Jue Zhang , Qianhui Wu , Victor Rühle

Reinforcement learning is able to solve complex sequential decision-making tasks but is currently limited by sample efficiency and required computation. To improve sample efficiency, recent work focuses on model-based RL which interleaves…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-06-19 Yi Zhao , Wenshuai Zhao , Rinu Boney , Juho Kannala , Joni Pajarinen

We develop a deep reinforcement learning (RL) framework for an optimal market-making (MM) trading problem, specifically focusing on price processes with semi-Markov and Hawkes Jump-Diffusion dynamics. We begin by discussing the basics of RL…

计算金融 · 定量金融 2025-03-03 Luca Lalor , Anatoliy Swishchuk

Recent research has employed reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms to optimize long-term user engagement in recommender systems, thereby avoiding common pitfalls such as user boredom and filter bubbles. They capture the sequential and…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2023-01-25 Romain Deffayet , Thibaut Thonet , Jean-Michel Renders , Maarten de Rijke

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-01-18 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun

Recommender systems (RecSys) have become critical tools for enhancing user engagement by delivering personalized content across diverse digital platforms. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-10-16 Yi Zhang , Lili Xie , Ruihong Qiu , Jiajun Liu , Sen Wang