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Reliable evaluation of large language models (LLMs) is critical as their deployment rapidly expands, particularly in high-stakes domains such as business and finance. The LLM-as-a-Judge framework, which uses prompted LLMs to evaluate…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-03 Michael Krumdick , Charles Lovering , Varshini Reddy , Seth Ebner , Chris Tanner

While Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has shown strong effectiveness in reasoning tasks, it cannot be directly applied to non-verifiable domains lacking ground-truth verifiers, such as LLM alignment. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-20 Kejian Shi , Yixin Liu , Peifeng Wang , Alexander R. Fabbri , Shafiq Joty , Arman Cohan

The success of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in language model alignment is critically dependent on the capability of the reward model (RM). However, as the training process progresses, the output distribution of the…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-02 Shihan Dou , Yan Liu , Enyu Zhou , Tianlong Li , Haoxiang Jia , Limao Xiong , Xin Zhao , Junjie Ye , Rui Zheng , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Attribution and fact verification are critical challenges in natural language processing for assessing information reliability. While automated systems and Large Language Models (LLMs) aim to retrieve and select concise evidence to support…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Guy Alt , Eran Hirsch , Serwar Basch , Ido Dagan , Oren Glickman

In the era of Large Language Models (LLMs), alignment has emerged as a fundamental yet challenging problem in the pursuit of more reliable, controllable, and capable machine intelligence. The recent success of reasoning models and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-18 Hao Sun , Mihaela van der Schaar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to evaluate information retrieval (IR) systems, generating relevance judgments traditionally made by human assessors. Recent empirical studies suggest that LLM-based evaluations often align…

Numerous methods have been proposed to measure LLM misgendering, including probability-based evaluations (e.g., automatically with templatic sentences) and generation-based evaluations (e.g., with automatic heuristics or human validation).…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-05 Arjun Subramonian , Vagrant Gautam , Preethi Seshadri , Dietrich Klakow , Kai-Wei Chang , Yizhou Sun

Aligning large language models (LLMs) to human preferences is challenging in domains where preference data is unavailable. We address the problem of learning reward models for such target domains by leveraging feedback collected from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-01-03 David Wu , Sanjiban Choudhury

As Natural Language Generation (NLG) continues to be widely adopted, properly assessing it has become quite difficult. Lately, using large language models (LLMs) for evaluating these generations has gained traction, as they tend to align…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-29 Rajarshi Haldar , Julia Hockenmaier

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated evaluators (LLM-as-a-Judge). This work challenges its reliability by showing that trust judgments by LLMs are biased by disclosed source labels. Using a counterfactual design,…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-04-08 Xin Sun , Di Wu , Sijing Qin , Isao Echizen , Abdallah El Ali , Saku Sugawara

Current LLM post-training methods optimize complete reasoning trajectories through Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) followed by outcome-based Reinforcement Learning (RL). While effective, a closer examination reveals a fundamental gap: this…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-29 Shaojie Wang , Liang Zhang

Automatic grading of subjective questions remains a significant challenge in examination assessment due to the diversity in question formats and the open-ended nature of student responses. Existing works primarily focus on a specific type…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Fanwei Zhua , Jiaxuan He , Xiaoxiao Chen , Zulong Chen , Quan Lu , Chenrui Mei

LLM-as-Judge has emerged as a scalable alternative to human evaluation, enabling large language models (LLMs) to provide reward signals in trainings. While recent work has explored multi-agent extensions such as multi-agent debate and…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2025-09-19 Chiyu Ma , Enpei Zhang , Yilun Zhao , Wenjun Liu , Yaning Jia , Peijun Qing , Lin Shi , Arman Cohan , Yujun Yan , Soroush Vosoughi

Relevance judgments are crucial for evaluating information retrieval systems, but traditional human-annotated labels are time-consuming and expensive. As a result, many researchers turn to automatic alternatives to accelerate method…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2025-07-15 Naghmeh Farzi , Laura Dietz

Distributional alignment enables large language models (LLMs) to predict how a target population distributes its responses across answer options, rather than collapsing disagreement into a single consensus answer. However, existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Viet-Thanh Pham , Lizhen Qu , Zhuang Li , Gholamreza Haffari

The progress of AI is bottlenecked by the quality of evaluation, making powerful LLM-as-a-Judge models a core solution. The efficacy of these judges depends on their chain-of-thought reasoning, creating a critical need for methods that can…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-14 Chenxi Whitehouse , Tianlu Wang , Ping Yu , Xian Li , Jason Weston , Ilia Kulikov , Swarnadeep Saha

Deep Reinforcement Learning is widely used for aligning Large Language Models (LLM) with human preference. However, the conventional reward modelling is predominantly dependent on human annotations provided by a select cohort of…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2024-05-31 Dexun Li , Cong Zhang , Kuicai Dong , Derrick Goh Xin Deik , Ruiming Tang , Yong Liu

The paradigm of LLM-as-a-judge is emerging as a scalable and efficient alternative to human evaluation, demonstrating strong performance on well-defined tasks. However, its reliability in open-ended tasks with dynamic environments and…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-03-04 Chunyang Li , Yilun Zheng , Xinting Huang , Tianqing Fang , Jiahao Xu , Lihui Chen , Yangqiu Song , Han Hu

As AI models progress beyond simple chatbots into more complex workflows, we draw ever closer to the event horizon beyond which AI systems will be utilized in autonomous, self-maintaining feedback loops. Any autonomous AI system will depend…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-06 Benjamin Feuer , Lucas Rosenblatt , Oussama Elachqar

Given the rapid progress of generative AI, there is a pressing need to systematically compare and choose between the numerous models and configurations available. The scale and versatility of such evaluations make the use of LLM-based…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-11 Ariel Gera , Odellia Boni , Yotam Perlitz , Roy Bar-Haim , Lilach Eden , Asaf Yehudai