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Neural networks with sub-microsecond inference latency are required by many critical applications. Targeting such applications deployed on FPGAs, we present High Granularity Quantization (HGQ), a quantization-aware training framework that…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-22 Chang Sun , Zhiqiang Que , Thea K. Årrestad , Vladimir Loncar , Jennifer Ngadiuba , Wayne Luk , Maria Spiropulu

Weight-only quantization has become a standard approach for efficiently serving large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods fail to efficiently compress models to binary (1-bit) levels, as they either require large amounts of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-19 Hyochan Chong , Dongkyu Kim , Changdong Kim , Minseop Choi

Quantization-Aware Training from scratch has emerged as a promising approach for building efficient large language models (LLMs) with extremely low-bit weights (sub 2-bit), which can offer substantial advantages for edge deployment.…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-27 Wenzheng Zhang , Bingzheng Liu , Yang Hu , Xiaoying Bai , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

In Large Language Models (LLMs), the number of parameters has grown exponentially in the past few years, e.g., from 1.5 billion parameters in GPT-2 to 175 billion in GPT-3 to possibly more than trillion in higher versions. This raises a…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-06 Mahmoud Elgenedy

Quantization has become a standard tool for efficient LLM deployment, especially for local inference, where models are now routinely served at 2-3 bits per parameter. The state of the art is currently split into simple scalar quantization…

Diffusion models have recently dominated image synthesis tasks. However, the iterative denoising process is expensive in computations at inference time, making diffusion models less practical for low-latency and scalable real-world…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2023-11-02 Yefei He , Luping Liu , Jing Liu , Weijia Wu , Hong Zhou , Bohan Zhuang

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) converts pre-trained Full-Precision (FP) models into quantized versions without training. While existing methods reduce size and computational costs, they also significantly degrade performance and…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-24 Boyang Zhang , Daning Cheng , Yunquan Zhang , Jiake Tian , Jing Li , Fangming Liu

The ever-growing computational complexity of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates efficient deployment strategies. The current state-of-the-art approaches for Post-training Quantization (PTQ) often require calibration to achieve the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-05-24 Alireza Ghaffari , Sharareh Younesian , Vahid Partovi Nia , Boxing Chen , Masoud Asgharian

Large language models (LLMs) require substantial compute, and thus energy, at inference time. While quantizing weights and activations is effective at improving efficiency, naive quantization of LLMs can significantly degrade performance…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-06-06 Boris van Breugel , Yelysei Bondarenko , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive abilities in various domains while the inference cost is expensive. Many previous studies exploit quantization methods to reduce LLM inference cost by reducing latency and memory…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-11-12 Jinhao Li , Jiaming Xu , Shiyao Li , Shan Huang , Jun Liu , Yaoxiu Lian , Guohao Dai

Model compression has gained a lot of attention due to its ability to reduce hardware resource requirements significantly while maintaining accuracy of DNNs. Model compression is especially useful for memory-intensive recurrent neural…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2018-05-30 Dongsoo Lee , Byeongwook Kim

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has emerged as a promising technique for mitigating memory consumption and computational costs in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic examination of various quantization schemes, model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2023-05-29 Zhewei Yao , Xiaoxia Wu , Cheng Li , Stephen Youn , Yuxiong He

While transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) have dominated a number of NLP applications, these models are heavy to deploy and expensive to use. Therefore, effectively compressing large-scale PLMs becomes an increasingly…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-06-02 Zhuocheng Gong , Jiahao Liu , Qifan Wang , Yang Yang , Jingang Wang , Wei Wu , Yunsen Xian , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Recently, quantization has been widely used for the compression and acceleration of large language models (LLMs). Due to the outliers in LLMs, it is crucial to flatten weights and activations to minimize quantization error with equally…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-08-12 Yuxuan Sun , Ruikang Liu , Haoli Bai , Han Bao , Kang Zhao , Yuening Li , Jiaxin Hu , Xianzhi Yu , Lu Hou , Chun Yuan , Xin Jiang , Wulong Liu , Jun Yao

The development of large-scale platforms for quantum information requires new methods for verification and validation of quantum behavior. Quantum tomography (QT) is the standard tool for diagnosing quantum states, process, and readout…

量子物理 · 物理学 2017-01-10 Charles H. Baldwin

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed numerous AI applications. On-device LLM is becoming increasingly important: running LLMs locally on edge devices can reduce the cloud computing cost and protect users' privacy. However, the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-28 Ji Lin , Jiaming Tang , Haotian Tang , Shang Yang , Wei-Ming Chen , Wei-Chen Wang , Guangxuan Xiao , Xingyu Dang , Chuang Gan , Song Han

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing tasks. However, their practical application is constrained by substantial memory and computational demands. Post-training quantization (PTQ) is considered an…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-07-29 Chao Zeng , Songwei Liu , Yusheng Xie , Hong Liu , Xiaojian Wang , Miao Wei , Shu Yang , Fangmin Chen , Xing Mei

Despite a large corpus of recent work on scaling up Gaussian processes, a stubborn trade-off between computational speed, prediction and uncertainty quantification accuracy, and customizability persists. This is because the vast majority of…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-09 Marcus M. Noack , Mark D. Risser , Hengrui Luo , Vardaan Tekriwal , Ronald J. Pandolfi

Post-training quantization (PTQ) has become an important technique for reducing the inference cost of Large Language Models (LLMs). While recent mixed-precision methods improve ultra-low bit quantization by preserving critical subspaces in…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-30 Zhe Ding , Su Pan , Duowei Pan