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The alignment of language models with human preferences is vital for their application in real-world tasks. The problem is formulated as optimizing the model's policy to maximize the expected reward that reflects human preferences with…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-06-06 Haozhe Ji , Cheng Lu , Yilin Niu , Pei Ke , Hongning Wang , Jun Zhu , Jie Tang , Minlie Huang

Although video multimodal large language models (video MLLMs) have achieved substantial progress in video captioning tasks, it remains challenging to adjust the focal emphasis of video captions according to human preferences. To address…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-07-03 Jiyang Tang , Hengyi Li , Yifan Du , Wayne Xin Zhao

Automatic prompt optimization has recently emerged as a strategy for improving the quality of prompts used in Large Language Models (LLMs), with the goal of generating more accurate and useful responses. However, most prior work focuses on…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-06 Juhyeon Lee , Wonduk Seo , Hyunjin An , Seunghyun Lee , Yi Bu

While large language models (LLMs) have recently made tremendous progress towards solving challenging AI problems, they have done so at increasingly steep computational and API costs. We propose a novel strategy where we combine multiple…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-24 Wenwen Si , Sooyong Jang , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani

Machine unlearning has gained increasing attention in recent years, as a promising technique to selectively remove unwanted privacy or copyrighted information from Large Language Models that are trained on a massive scale of human data.…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-20 Junyi Li , Yongqiang Chen , Ningning Ding

With the rapid development and widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs), their potential safety risks have attracted widespread attention. Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has been adopted to enhance the…

Preference optimization has made significant progress recently, with numerous methods developed to align language models with human preferences. This paper introduces $f$-divergence Preference Optimization ($f$-PO), a novel framework that…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-18 Jiaqi Han , Mingjian Jiang , Yuxuan Song , Stefano Ermon , Minkai Xu

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has demonstrated notable success in enhancing the reasoning performance of large language models (LLMs). However, recent studies reveal that while current RLVR methods improve sampling…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-05-08 Yang Xu , Kun Yao , Yiming Deng , Zheng Fang , Kai Ming Ting , Ming Pang

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly propelled the development of Conversational Recommendation Agents (CRAs). However, these agents often generate short-sighted responses that fail to sustain user guidance…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-18 Xueyang Feng , Jingsen Zhang , Jiakai Tang , Wei Li , Guohao Cai , Xu Chen , Quanyu Dai , Yue Zhu , Zhenhua Dong

Large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned with alignment techniques, such as reinforcement learning from human feedback, have been instrumental in developing some of the most capable AI systems to date. Despite their success, existing methods…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-07-01 Kyuyoung Kim , Ah Jeong Seo , Hao Liu , Jinwoo Shin , Kimin Lee

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) often assumes that using more clean data yields better outcomes, overlooking the match between model capacity and example difficulty. Challenging this, we propose a new principle: Preference…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-05-15 Chengqian Gao , Haonan Li , Liu Liu , Zeke Xie , Peilin Zhao , Zhiqiang Xu

Lead optimization in drug discovery requires efficiently navigating vast chemical space through iterative cycles to enhance molecular properties while preserving structural similarity to the original lead compound. Despite recent advances,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Ziqing Wang , Yibo Wen , William Pattie , Xiao Luo , Weimin Wu , Jerry Yao-Chieh Hu , Abhishek Pandey , Han Liu , Kaize Ding

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performance as general purpose agents, but their abilities remain highly dependent on prompts which are hand written with onerous trial-and-error effort. We propose a simple and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-20 Reid Pryzant , Dan Iter , Jerry Li , Yin Tat Lee , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a promising approach for aligning large language models with human preferences. While prior work mainly extends DPO from the aspect of the objective function, we instead improve DPO from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-17 Xun Deng , Han Zhong , Rui Ai , Fuli Feng , Zheng Wang , Xiangnan He

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucinations, posing significant challenges for real-world applications. Confidence calibration, as an effective indicator of hallucination, is thus essential to enhance the trustworthiness…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-21 Caiqi Zhang , Ruihan Yang , Zhisong Zhang , Xinting Huang , Sen Yang , Dong Yu , Nigel Collier

As large language models (LLMs) become more capable, fine-tuning techniques for aligning with human intent are increasingly important. A key consideration for aligning these models is how to most effectively use human resources, or model…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-01 William Muldrew , Peter Hayes , Mingtian Zhang , David Barber

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as an effective approach for enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), especially in scenarios where supervised fine-tuning (SFT) falls short due to limited…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-15 Jian Xiong , Jingbo Zhou , Jingyong Ye , Qiang Huang , Dejing Dou

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has shown effectiveness in aligning multi-modal large language models (MLLM) with human preferences. However, existing methods exhibit an imbalanced responsiveness to the data of varying hardness,…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-02-12 Jinda Lu , Junkang Wu , Jinghan Li , Xiaojun Jia , Shuo Wang , YiFan Zhang , Junfeng Fang , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

The class of direct preference optimization (DPO) algorithms has emerged as a promising approach for solving the alignment problem in foundation models. These algorithms work with very limited feedback in the form of pairwise preferences…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-02-03 Luca Viano , Ruida Zhou , Yifan Sun , Mahdi Namazifar , Volkan Cevher , Shoham Sabach , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh

Recent advancements in text-to-speech (TTS) have shown that language model (LM)-based systems offer competitive performance to their counterparts. Further optimization can be achieved through preference alignment algorithms, which adjust…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-20 Jinchuan Tian , Chunlei Zhang , Jiatong Shi , Hao Zhang , Jianwei Yu , Shinji Watanabe , Dong Yu