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The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has not only provided numerous opportunities but also presented significant challenges. This becomes particularly evident when LLMs inadvertently generate harmful or toxic content,…

With the rise of LLMs, there is an increasing need for intelligent recommendation assistants that can handle complex queries and provide personalized, reasoning-driven recommendations. LLM-based recommenders show potential but face…

信息检索 · 计算机科学 2026-04-10 Jiani Huang , Shijie Wang , Liangbo Ning , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used in academic peer review, yet their reliability, alignment with human judgment, and robustness to adversarial attacks remain poorly understood. We present a systematic benchmark of…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-26 Lingyao Li , Junjie Xiong , Changjia Zhu , Runlong Yu , Chen Chen , Junyu Wang , Renkai Ma , Zhicong Lu

Ensuring that large language models (LLMs) remain both helpful and harmless poses a significant challenge: fine-tuning on repetitive safety datasets, where unsafe prompts are paired with standard refusal templates, often leads to false…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-03-17 Quan Liu , Han Zhou , Wenquan Wu , Hua Wu , Sen Su

Access control is a cornerstone of secure computing, yet large language models often blur role boundaries by producing unrestricted responses. We study role-conditioned refusals, focusing on the LLM's ability to adhere to access control…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-10-10 Đorđe Klisura , Joseph Khoury , Ashish Kundu , Ram Krishnan , Anthony Rios

As the influence of large language models (LLMs) spans across global communities, their safety challenges in multilingual settings become paramount for alignment research. This paper examines the variations in safety challenges faced by…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-01-25 Lingfeng Shen , Weiting Tan , Sihao Chen , Yunmo Chen , Jingyu Zhang , Haoran Xu , Boyuan Zheng , Philipp Koehn , Daniel Khashabi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into vehicle-based digital assistants, where unsafe, ambiguous, or legally incorrect responses can lead to serious safety, ethical, and regulatory consequences. Despite growing…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-03-25 Abhishek Kumar , Riya Tapwal , Carsten Maple

Large language models (LLMs) and small language models (SLMs) are being adopted at remarkable speed, although their safety still remains a serious concern. With the advent of multilingual S/LLMs, the question now becomes a matter of scale:…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely deployed in diverse real-world settings, yet remain vulnerable to jailbreaking, where prompt-based attacks bypass safety filters. We present THREAT (Targeted Harmful generation via Reframing and…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-05-22 Shahnewaz Karim Sakib , Swati Kar , Anindya Bijoy Das

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have significantly improved problem-solving through explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, this capability creates a Safety-Helpfulness Paradox: the reasoning process itself can be misused to…

人工智能 · 计算机科学 2026-01-27 Xin Gao , Shaohan Yu , Zerui Chen , Yueming Lyu , Weichen Yu , Guanghao Li , Jiyao Liu , Jianxiong Gao , Jian Liang , Ziwei Liu , Chenyang Si

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved remarkable performance across diverse domains, yet their decision-making under conflicting objectives remains insufficiently understood. This work investigates how LRMs respond to harmful queries…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2026-04-14 Honghao Liu , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Cehao Yang , Shengming Yin , Zhengwu Ma , Lionel Ni , Jian Guo

Large Language Model (LLM) based judges form the underpinnings of key safety evaluation processes such as offline benchmarking, automated red-teaming, and online guardrailing. This widespread requirement raises the crucial question: can we…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-03-07 Francisco Eiras , Eliott Zemour , Eric Lin , Vaikkunth Mugunthan

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit knowledge disparities across languages. Encouraging LLMs to \textit{abstain} when faced with knowledge gaps is a promising strategy to reduce hallucinations in multilingual settings. Current…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-06-04 Yuxi Sun , Aoqi Zuo , Wei Gao , Jing Ma

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) raises concerns about the potential harmfulness of their responses. In this paper, we first investigate the harmfulness of responses from four general-purpose LLMs. Next, we propose…

软件工程 · 计算机科学 2026-05-11 Giordano d'Aloisio , David Williams , Giusy Annunziata , Zhiwei Fei , Antinisca Di Marco , Federica Sarro

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are showing strong safety concerns (e.g., generating harmful outputs for users), which motivates the development of safety evaluation benchmarks. However, we observe that existing safety benchmarks…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2024-10-25 Zonghao Ying , Aishan Liu , Siyuan Liang , Lei Huang , Jinyang Guo , Wenbo Zhou , Xianglong Liu , Dacheng Tao

The increasing deployment of large language models in security-sensitive domains necessitates rigorous evaluation of their resilience against adversarial prompt-based attacks. While previous benchmarks have focused on security evaluations…

密码学与安全 · 计算机科学 2025-09-22 Huining Cui , Wei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Medical question answering (QA) benchmarks often focus on multiple-choice or fact-based tasks, leaving open-ended answers to real patient questions underexplored. This gap is particularly critical in mental health, where patient questions…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-15 Yahan Li , Jifan Yao , John Bosco S. Bunyi , Adam C. Frank , Angel Hsing-Chi Hwang , Ruishan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) now serve as the foundation for a wide range of applications, from conversational assistants to decision support tools, making the issue of fairness in their results increasingly important. Previous studies have…

Self-detection for Large Language Models (LLMs) seeks to evaluate the trustworthiness of the LLM's output by leveraging its own capabilities, thereby alleviating the issue of output hallucination. However, existing self-detection approaches…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-09-30 Moxin Li , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Tat-Seng Chua