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Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is an emerging technique for scaling large models with sparse activation. MoE models are typically trained in a distributed manner with an expert parallelism scheme, where experts in each MoE layer are distributed…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2024-11-26 Fahao Chen , Peng Li , Zicong Hong , Zhou Su , Song Guo

Mixture of Experts (MoE) has emerged as a promising paradigm for scaling model capacity while preserving computational efficiency, particularly in large-scale machine learning architectures such as large language models (LLMs). Recent…

It is widely acknowledged that the performance of Transformer models is logarithmically related to their number of parameters and computational complexity. While approaches like Mixture of Experts (MoE) decouple parameter count from…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-02-07 Zihao Huang , Qiyang Min , Hongzhi Huang , Defa Zhu , Yutao Zeng , Ran Guo , Xun Zhou

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have enabled the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) by achieving massive parameter counts while maintaining computational efficiency. However, MoEs introduce several…

Unified image generation and editing models suffer from severe task interference in dense diffusion transformers architectures, where a shared parameter space must compromise between conflicting objectives (e.g., local editing v.s.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2026-03-27 Yu Xu , Hongbin Yan , Juan Cao , Yiji Cheng , Tiankai Hang , Runze He , Zijin Yin , Shiyi Zhang , Yuxin Zhang , Jintao Li , Chunyu Wang , Qinglin Lu , Tong-Yee Lee , Fan Tang

While federated learning (FL) enables fine-tuning of large language models (LLMs) without compromising data privacy, the substantial size of an LLM renders on-device training impractical for resource-constrained clients, such as mobile…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-01-05 Zihan Fang , Zheng Lin , Senkang Hu , Yanan Ma , Yihang Tao , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

Large and sparse feed-forward layers (S-FFN) such as Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) have proven effective in scaling up Transformers model size for \textit{pretraining} large language models. By only activating part of the FFN parameters…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-10-25 Zeyu Leo Liu , Tim Dettmers , Xi Victoria Lin , Veselin Stoyanov , Xian Li

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) for language models has been proven effective in augmenting the capacity of models by dynamically routing each input token to a specific subset of experts for processing. Despite the success, most existing…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-07-26 Hao Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Huijia Wu , Zili Wang , Zhaofeng He , Jie Fu

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) architectures used in large language models (LLMs) achieve state-of-the-art performance across diverse tasks yet face practical challenges such as deployment complexity and low activation efficiency. Expert pruning…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-12-23 Xican Yang , Yuanhe Tian , Yan Song

Sparse Mixture of Experts (SMoE) has emerged as a key to achieving unprecedented scalability in deep learning. By activating only a small subset of parameters per sample, SMoE achieves an exponential increase in parameter counts while…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2025-05-05 Tam Nguyen , Ngoc N. Tran , Khai Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture has become increasingly popular as a method to scale up large language models (LLMs). To save costs, heterogeneity-aware training solutions have been proposed to utilize GPU clusters made up of both…

分布式、并行与集群计算 · 计算机科学 2025-04-08 Yongji Wu , Xueshen Liu , Shuowei Jin , Ceyu Xu , Feng Qian , Z. Morley Mao , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Ion Stoica

Real-world model deployment across multiple domains requires multimodal models to operate under two complementary regimes: (1) multi-task pretraining, tasks are co-available at design time where related tasks could borrow representational…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-12 Xing Han , Shravan Chaudhari , Tanvi Ranade , Rama Chellappa , Suchi Saria

Scaling large language models (LLMs) improves performance but significantly increases inference costs, with feed-forward networks (FFNs) consuming the majority of computational resources. While Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures can…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-04-24 Zehua Pei , Hui-Ling Zhen , Lancheng Zou , Xianzhi Yu , Wulong Liu , Sinno Jialin Pan , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as a promising direction for scaling vision architectures efficiently. Among them, Soft MoE improves training stability by assigning each token to all experts via continuous dispatch weights.…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-05-27 Chengxi Min , Wei Wang , Yahui Liu , Weixin Ye , Enver Sangineto , Qi Wang , Yao Zhao

Recent attempts to combine low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with mixture-of-experts (MoE) for multi-task adaptation of Large Language Models (LLMs) often replace whole attention/FFN layers with switch experts or append parallel expert branches,…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2026-05-14 Wenbing Li , Zikai Song , Hang Zhou , Yunyao Zhang , Junqing Yu , Wei Yang

Recently, Mixture of Experts (MoE) based Transformer has shown promising results in many domains. This is largely due to the following advantages of this architecture: firstly, MoE based Transformer can increase model capacity without…

声音 · 计算机科学 2021-05-10 Zhao You , Shulin Feng , Dan Su , Dong Yu

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently scale-up the model while keeping relatively low inference cost. As MoE models only activate part of the experts, related work has proposed expert prediction and caching…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-11-17 Shien Zhu , Samuel Bohl , Robin Oester , Gustavo Alonso

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have shown promising potential for parameter-efficient scaling across domains. However, their application to image classification remains limited, often requiring billion-scale datasets to be competitive. In…

计算机视觉与模式识别 · 计算机科学 2025-10-27 Mathurin Videau , Alessandro Leite , Marc Schoenauer , Olivier Teytaud

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is becoming popular due to its success in improving the model quality, especially in Transformers. By routing tokens with a sparse gate to a few experts (i.e., a small pieces of the full model), MoE can easily…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2022-10-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Qibin Liu , Jilong Xue , Youshan Miao , Yi Liu , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Sparse mixture of expert architectures (MoEs) scale model capacity without significant increases in training or inference costs. Despite their success, MoEs suffer from a number of issues: training instability, token dropping, inability to…

机器学习 · 计算机科学 2024-05-28 Joan Puigcerver , Carlos Riquelme , Basil Mustafa , Neil Houlsby