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Phishing has long been a common tactic used by cybercriminals and continues to pose a significant threat in today's digital world. When phishing attacks become more advanced and sophisticated, there is an increasing need for effective…

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Loop vulnerabilities are one major risky construct in software development. They can easily lead to infinite loops or executions, exhaust resources, or introduce logical errors that degrade performance and compromise security. The problem…

Phishing is a major cyber threat to organizations that can cause financial and reputational damage, threatening their existence. The technical measures against phishing should be complemented by awareness training for employees. However,…

Machine learning (ML) based approaches have been the mainstream solution for anti-phishing detection. When they are deployed on the client-side, ML-based classifiers are vulnerable to evasion attacks. However, such potential threats have…

Spear phishing is a widespread concern in the modern network security landscape, but there are few metrics that measure the extent to which reconnaissance is performed on phishing targets. Spear phishing emails closely match the…

This paper aims to provide an understanding of what a phishing attack is, the types of phishing attacks and methods employed by cyber criminals. This journal will also provide an understanding on where phishing attacks are carried via…

The increased interest in deep learning applications, and their hard-to-detect biases result in the need to validate and explain complex models. However, current explanation methods are limited as far as both the explanation of the…

Phishing attacks are becoming increasingly sophisticated, underscoring the need for detection systems that strike a balance between high accuracy and computational efficiency. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of traditional…

Smartphones have become indispensable in our daily lives and can do almost everything, from communication to online shopping. However, with the increased usage, cybercrime aimed at mobile devices is rocketing. Smishing attacks, in…

Phishing emails exhibit some unique psychological traits which are not present in legitimate emails. From empirical analysis and previous research, we find three psychological traits most dominant in Phishing emails - A Sense of Urgency,…

We demonstrate how publicly available social-media data and generative AI (GenAI) can be misused to automate and scale highly personalized, context-aware spear-phishing campaigns. With minimal attacker effort, a small amount of public…

Phishing attacks are the most common type of cyber-attacks used to obtain sensitive information and have been affecting individuals as well as organisations across the globe. Various techniques have been proposed to identify the phishing…

Technological advances in the Internet and online social networks have brought many benefits to humanity. At the same time, this growth has led to an increase in hate speech, the main global threat. To improve the reliability of black-box…

This paper introduces eX-NIDS, a framework designed to enhance interpretability in flow-based Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS) by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs). In our proposed framework, flows labelled as malicious by…

As deep neural networks are deployed in safety-critical domains such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis, stakeholders need explanations that are interpretable but also trustworthy with formal guarantees. Existing XAI methods fall…

Spam messes up users inbox, consumes resources and spread attacks like DDoS, MiM, phishing etc. Phishing is a byproduct of email and causes financial loss to users and loss of reputation to financial institutions. In this paper we examine…

Most research into anti-phishing defence assumes that the mal-actor is attempting to harvest end-users' personally identifiable information or login credentials and, hence, focuses on detecting phishing websites. The defences for this type…

This paper compares the risk factors for becoming a victim of two types of phishing: high-tech phishing (using malicious software) and low-tech phishing (using e-mails and telephone calls). These risk factors are linked to possibilities for…

The escalating threat of phishing emails has become increasingly sophisticated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs). As attackers exploit LLMs to craft more convincing and evasive phishing emails, it is crucial to assess the…