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This technical note provides a high-level overview of the present state of basic field electron emission (FE) theory, as suitable for use in the context of technological applications of FE theory. At present there is much theoretical…

For explaining electrical breakdown, field electron emission (FE) is a mechanism of interest. In the period 2006 to 2010 there were significant developments in basic FE theory, but these have not yet fully entered general thinking in…

Tunneling of a particle through a potential barrier remains one of the most remarkable quantum phenomena. Owing to advances in laser technology, electric fields comparable to those electrons experience in atoms are readily generated and…

Beginners studying quantum mechanics are often baffled with electron tunneling.Hence an easy approach for comprehension of the topic is presented here on the basis of uncertainty principle.An estimate of the tunneling time is also derived…

In this paper, we introduce the theoretical framework underlying our proposed methodology of verification and validation (V&V) for quantum mechanical emission models using analogous macroscopic electromagnetic systems. We derive the…

Field electron emission (FE) has relevance in many different technological contexts. However, many related technological papers use a physically defective elementary FE equation for local emission current density (LECD). This equation takes…

Strong-field enhanced ionization (EI) is a phenomenon in which stretching of interatomic bonds into a distorted molecular geometry leads to an increase in the tunneling ionization rate driven by a strong field. Isolating the momentum…

We investigate the liberation of an atomic electron by a linearly polarized single-cycle near-infrared laser pulse having a peak intensity that ensures tunneling. Based on phase space analysis and energy distribution in the instantaneous…

The strong-field laser physics enterprise is investing important resources in the study of the effects of oscillatory electric fields on matter using the tunneling concept, whereas laser fields are vector fields that do not support the…

Tunnel ionization belongs to the fundamental processes of atomic physics. The so-called two-step model, which describes the ionization as instantaneous tunneling at the electric field maximum and classical motion afterwards with zero exit…

A new quantum approach is presented that can account for the description of small ferromagnetic particles magnetization tunneling. An estimate of the saturation value of an external applied magnetic field along the easy axis is obtained. An…

Tunneling is one of the most bizarre phenomena in quantum mechanics. An attempt to understand it led to the next natural question of how long does a particle need to tunnel a barrier. The latter gave rise to several definitions such as the…

Quantum tunneling is considered from the point of view of local realism. It is concluded that a quantum object tunneling through a potential barrier cannot be interpreted as a point-like particle because such an interpretation generates a…

The elaborate energy and momentum spectra of ionized electrons from atoms in laser fields suggest that the ionization dynamics described by tunneling theory should be modified. Although many efforts have been done within semiclassical…

Since the quantum field theory treats a system of particles, there must be a distribution which is associated with the system of particles. It means that a meaningful quantity is adjoined in the system of particles. It seems that these…

This article proposes that we should think differently about predicting and interpreting measured field electron emission (FE) current-voltage [I(V)] characteristics. It is commonly assumed that I(V) data interpretation is a problem in…

This paper presents an elementary, approximate analytical treatment of cold field electron emission (CFE) from a classical nanowall. A simple model is used to bring out some of the basic physics of a class of field emitter where quantum…

We investigated electron emissions in strong field enhanced ionization of asymmetric diatomic molecules by quantum calculations. It is demonstrated that the widely-used intuitive physical pic- ture, i.e., electron wave packet direct…

Field electron emission from an ultrathin multilayer planar cold cathode (UMPC) including quantum well structure has been both experimentally and theoretically investigated. We found that only tuning the energy levels of UMPC the field…

The theories of stochastic quantum mechanics and stochastic electrodynamics bring to light important aspects of the quantum dynamics that are concealed in the standard formalism. Here we take further previous work regarding the connection…