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Semantic consistency of a language model is broadly defined as the model's ability to produce semantically-equivalent outputs, given semantically-equivalent inputs. We address the task of assessing question-answering (QA) semantic…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-11-03 Ella Rabinovich , Samuel Ackerman , Orna Raz , Eitan Farchi , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating fluent but incorrect content, known as confabulation, which poses increasing risks in multi-turn or agentic applications where outputs may be reused as context. In this work, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-18 Tianyi Zhou , Johanne Medina , Sanjay Chawla

This study delves into the capabilities and limitations of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the challenging domain of conditional question-answering. Utilizing the Conditional Question Answering (CQA) dataset and focusing on generative…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-05 Syed-Amad Hussain , Parag Pravin Dakle , SaiKrishna Rallabandi , Preethi Raghavan

In this paper, we explore the challenges inherent to Large Language Models (LLMs) like GPT-4, particularly their propensity for hallucinations, logic mistakes, and incorrect conclusions when tasked with answering complex questions. The…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2023-12-22 Xiang Li , Haoran Tang , Siyu Chen , Ziwei Wang , Anurag Maravi , Marcin Abram

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human values is essential for their safe deployment and widespread adoption. Current LLM safety benchmarks often focus solely on the refusal of individual problematic queries, which overlooks the…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-10 Guangzhi Sun , Xiao Zhan , Shutong Feng , Philip C. Woodland , Jose Such

Large language models (LLMs) often encounter knowledge conflicts, scenarios where discrepancy arises between the internal parametric knowledge of LLMs and non-parametric information provided in the prompt context. In this work we ask what…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-16 Yike Wang , Shangbin Feng , Heng Wang , Weijia Shi , Vidhisha Balachandran , Tianxing He , Yulia Tsvetkov

Accurate confidence estimation is essential for trustworthy large language models (LLMs) systems, as it empowers the user to determine when to trust outputs and enables reliable deployment in safety-critical applications. Current confidence…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-28 Mingruo Yuan , Shuyi Zhang , Ben Kao

Contextual causal reasoning is a critical yet challenging capability for Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing benchmarks, however, often evaluate this skill in fragmented settings, failing to ensure context consistency or cover the full…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-04-17 Pengfeng Li , Chen Huang , Chaoqun Hao , Hongyao Chen , Xiao-Yong Wei , Wenqiang Lei , See-Kiong Ng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where the available context is incomplete or degraded. We argue that an LLM generating answers under incomplete context can be viewed as an implicit imputer, and evaluated…

机器学习 · 统计学 2026-05-14 Stef van Buuren

Language Models (LMs) acquire parametric knowledge from their training process, embedding it within their weights. The increasing scalability of LMs, however, poses significant challenges for understanding a model's inner workings and…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-03-11 Isabelle Augenstein

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) for question answering (QA) over lengthy contexts is a significant challenge. In industrial settings, this process is often hindered by high computational costs and latency, especially when multiple…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-09-29 Xiliang Zhu , Shi Zong , David Rossouw

This paper surveys the development of large language model (LLM)-based agents for question answering (QA). Traditional agents face significant limitations, including substantial data requirements and difficulty in generalizing to new…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-03-26 Murong Yue

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly strong contenders in machine translation. In this work, we focus on document-level translation, where some words cannot be translated without context from outside the sentence. Specifically, we…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2025-02-17 Wafaa Mohammed , Vlad Niculae

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support question answering and decision-making in high-stakes, domain-specific settings such as natural hazard response and infrastructure planning, where effective answers must convey…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-02-11 Homaira Huda Shomee , Rochana Chaturvedi , Yangxinyu Xie , Tanwi Mallick

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable performance across various tasks, prompting researchers to develop diverse evaluation benchmarks. However, most benchmarks typically measure the ability of LLMs to respond to individual…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-01-30 Yutao Hou , Yajing Luo , Zhiwen Ruan , Hongru Wang , Weifeng Ge , Yun Chen , Guanhua Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive results while requiring little or no direct supervision. Further, there is mounting evidence that LLMs may have potential in information-seeking scenarios. We believe the ability of an LLM…

The development of Long-Context Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly advanced natural language processing by facilitating the process of textual data across long documents and multiple corpora. However, Long-Context LLMs still face two…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-10-10 Jingyang Deng , Zhengyang Shen , Boyang Wang , Lixin Su , Suqi Cheng , Ying Nie , Junfeng Wang , Dawei Yin , Jinwen Ma

Large language models (LLMs) can make predictions using parametric knowledge--knowledge encoded in the model weights--or contextual knowledge--knowledge presented in the context. In many scenarios, a desirable behavior is that LLMs give…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2024-03-27 Yingfa Chen , Zhengyan Zhang , Xu Han , Chaojun Xiao , Zhiyuan Liu , Chen Chen , Kuai Li , Tao Yang , Maosong Sun

The problem of answering questions using knowledge from pre-trained language models (LMs) and knowledge graphs (KGs) presents two challenges: given a QA context (question and answer choice), methods need to (i) identify relevant knowledge…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2022-12-14 Michihiro Yasunaga , Hongyu Ren , Antoine Bosselut , Percy Liang , Jure Leskovec

Though large language models (LLMs) have enabled great success across a wide variety of tasks, they still appear to fall short of one of the loftier goals of artificial intelligence research: creating an artificial system that can adapt its…

计算与语言 · 计算机科学 2026-05-04 Michael A. Lepori , Tal Linzen , Ann Yuan , Katja Filippova